The concepts of heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, preload,
afterload, peripheral resistance, and others relevant to this case
Heart rate
also known as pulse, is the number of times a person's heart beats per minute.
Stroke Volume
The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction. The stroke volume is not all the blood contained in the left ventricle; normally, only about two-thirds of the blood in the ventricle is expelled with each beat.
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Mean arterial pressure
In medicine, the mean arterial pressure is an average blood pressure in an individual during a single cardiac cycle
Preload
the amount of sarcomere stretch experienced by cardiac muscle cells, called cardiomyocytes, at the end of ventricular filling during diastole. Preload is directly related to ventricular filling.
Afterload
the force or load against which the heart has to contract to eject the blood. Contractility is the intrinsic strength of the cardiac muscle independent of preload, but a change in preload will affect the force of contraction. Afterload is the 'load' to which the heart must pump against.
Peripheral resistance
Peripheral resistance is the resistance of the arteries to blood flow. As the arteries constrict, the resistance increases and as they dilate, resistance decreases. Peripheral resistance is determined by three factors: Autonomic activity: sympathetic activity constricts peripheral arteries.
