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CLINICAL CORRELATION (SKIN CANCER (Types ((Basal cell carcinoma ((Most…
CLINICAL CORRELATION
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BURNS
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TYPES
1st degree burns
skin is inflamed, red - surface layer of skin is shed
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3rd degree burns
Full thickness of skin is destroyed -sometimes even subcutaneous tissues results in ulcerating wound. Results in catastrophic loss of fluids: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
NOTE: fourth-degree burn additionally involves injury to deeper tissues, such as muscle or bone
GENETIC DISEASES
PSORIASIS 
chronic, noninfectious skin disease
skin becomes dry and scaly, often with pustules and many varieties
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often triggered by trauma, infection , hormonal changes or stress
VITILIGO
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SKIN LESIONS
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TYPES
Elevated lesions – cast a shadow outside the edges as warts, plaque, blister
Flat lesions – do not cast a shadow as a scab, elevated lesion with pus, hive
Depressed lesions – cast a shadow within their edges as lacerations, ulcers, fissures
INFECTIONS
Viral - eg. cold sores, herpes simplex especially around lips and oral mucosa
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Fungal - eg. athletes foot, Tinea
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CONTACT DERMATITIS
skin becomes red, sore, or inflamed after direct contact
with a substance
TYPES
Irritant dermatitis - caused by contact with acids, alkaline materials
Allergic contact dermatitis - exposure to a substance or material to which you have
become extra sensitive or allergic
APPLIED ANATOMY OF SKIN
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Dark-skinned people have lighter coloured palms and soles. Why? - Only the stratum basale has cells containing pigment (melanin)
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Skin lines
Wrinkle lines - contraction of underlying muscle, perpendicular to their axis of shortening
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Relaxed skin tension lines - correspond to the directional pull when the skin is relaxed. Used for incision making.
Langer lines - topological lines drawn on a map of the human body. Perpendicular to the orientation of the underlying muscle fibers.
Scar
Hypertrophic scar - raised, erythematous, pruritic lesions that do not extend beyond the boundaries of the original wound
Keloid scar - smooth, hard growths that can form when scar tissue grows excessively. They can be much larger than the original wound.
Advances of skin surgery
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Skin grafts
Full-thickness (FTSG)
Split -thickness (STSG)
Layers
of
skin
Epidermis
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Thickness
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Thin
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Hair follicles, oil glands and sweat glands ✓
Layers
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Stratum corneum
Up to 30 layers of dead, scaly,keratinized cells
Dermis
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Contains sweat glands, oil glands, hair follicles, connective tissues, nerve endings and lymph vessel
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Layers
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Reticular layer
Deeper part
Dense irregular C.T
Striae (stretch marks, tearing of collagen)
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