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Westward Expansion (Tenure of Office Act (1867) ( March 2, 1867 was…
Westward Expansion
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Johnson allowed himself to be guided by his secretary of state, William H. Seward.
Seward's most covered act of decision making was the possession of Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000. However, in 1867, when the purchase was made, it was ridiculed as “Seward's folly.
Seward had been unable to do more than register the disapproval of the United States. By 1867, however, Seward's firm pressure on France had resulted in the withdrawal of all French troops from Mexico.
1863 France had set up a European prince as the so-called emperor of Mexico. This was a violation of the U.S. policy called the Monroe Doctrine.
Leadership of Secretary of State Hamilton Fish under President Grant the long controversy with Great Britain over payment for damages inflicted by British constructed Confederate raiders was submitted for international arbitration in 1871.
Another instance of international conflict during Johnson's administration was the raiding of Canada by Irish revolutionaries based in the United States, known as the Fenians.
Crosse into Canada but were arrested escaped to NYC.
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Part 4
Taiping Rebellion
Rebelation began against n began against the Manchu Dynasty in China under the leadership of Hong Xiuquan, a failed civil service candidate who was influenced by Christian teachings, believed himself to be the son of God, the younger brother of Jesus Christ, sent to reform China
Railroad Trafic
Safety and the speed and volume of railroad traffic greatly improved with the air brake was devised by George Westinghouse in 1868.
Refrigerator Car
George Hammond, Gustavus Swift and Philip Armourall made their fortunes in Chicago between the 1860s and 1890s. Found a solution to the shipping problem with development of the railroad refrigerator car
The Army on the Frontier. Buffalo Soldiers served in military campaigns against Native American tribes, they served a variety of other roles along the frontier, from building roads, stringing telegraph line to escorting the U.S. mail.
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Part 4
Ulysses Simpson Grant
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Grant was possessive and kept all his politician thoughts on low. His admisstration was put down because of the dishonesty of the people he trusted.
Grants cabinet They personal friends, One exception was Grant’s able Secretary of State Hamilton Fishas well as Benjamin Bristow, the Secretary of Treasury.
Freedmen’s Bureau
Aan agency established as part of the U.S. War Department by an act of Congress in March 1865. Full title agency was the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. The aim was to provide assistance to the newly emancipated blacks of the South after the American Civil War.
Responsibility for furnishing food and medical supplies to blacks, most of whom were destitute, and to needy whites.
the bureau handled legal trials involving blacks.
1866 Fenian raid and the inept efforts of the Canadian militia to repulse them helped to galvanize support for the Confederation of Canada in 1867. Fenian raids were in the developing a sense of Canadian nationalism leading provinces into a Confederation
Compromise of 1877
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Dawes Act
The Dawes Act broke up the reservations and gave some of the reservation land to individual Native Americans.
Unwritten deal, that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ending the Reconstruction Era.