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International Strategies, International Orientation and International…

- - - - Include firms where the main export is expertise, for example, consultants and financial firms.
    - - Include those having technologically advanced products and manufacturing units.
  - - - Advantages
        
        International attitude gets the attention of top management.
        
        United approach to international operations
      - Disadvantages
        
        Separates domestic managers from their international counterparts.
        
        Difficulty in ideating and acting strategically and in allocating resources globally
  - - - Advantages
        
        Helps manage product, technology, customer diversity
        
        Ability to cater to local needs
        
        Marketing, production, and finance gets a coordinated approach on a product-by-product, global basis
      - Disadvantages
        
        Duplication of facilities and staff personnel within divisions
        
        Division manager gets attracted to geographic prospects and neglects long-term goals
        
        Division managers spending huge to tap local, not international markets
  - - - Advantages
        
        International operations and domestic operations remain at the same level
        
        Global division managers manage business operations in selected geographic area.
        
        Ability to reduce cost per unit and price competitively
      - Disadvantages
        
        Difficult to align product emphasis in a geographically oriented manner.
        
        New R&D efforts are often ignored  the focus is sale in mature market
  - - - Advantages
        
        Functional leadership, centralized-control, and leaner managerial staff.
        
        Firms that require a tight, centralized coordination and control.
        
        Firms that need to transport products and raw materials between geographic areas
      - Disadvantages
        
        Not suitable for all types of businesses. Applicable to only oil and mining firms
        
        Difficult to coordinate manufacturing and marketing processes
        
        Managing multiple product lines can be challenging, as production and marketing are not integrated
  - - - Advantages
        
        Can be designed to meet individual needs
        
        Promotes an integrated strategic approach tailored to local needs and priorities
      - Disadvantages
        
        Complex structure, coordinating and getting everyone to work toward common goals becomes difficult.
        
        Too many independent groups in the structure