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cardiovascular system (anatomy of heart (right ventricle (discharges blood…
cardiovascular system
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major arteries and veins
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pulmonary trunk
leaves right ventricle, branches into pulmonary veins then into to lungs
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blood flow
from rest of body
blood enters through superior and inferior vena cava into right atrium past the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle then up past the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk out to the pulmonary arteries into the lungs to get oxygen
from lungs
enters the left atrium from the lungs past the bicuspid/mitral valve into the left ventricle past the aortic valve into the aorta and then out into the body
blood components
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plasma
92% water, makes up 55% of blood flow
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cardiac cycle & ECG
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ventricular systole
blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood into vessels
ventricular diastole
atria finish re-filling, ventricular pressure is low
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
recording made with an electrocardiograph, it traces the flow of current through the heart
disorders
myocardial infarction
heart attack, heart muscles die due to lack of blood to heart muscles, caused by atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
murmur
abnormal heart sounds, can be caused by valve stenosis
fibrillation
rapid uncoordinated shuddering of heart muscle which prevents heart from acting as a pump, caused by defect in intrinsic conduction system (SA node)
pericarditis
inflammation of pericardium, caused by viral infections which causes build up of fluid in pericardial cavity and prevents the heart from expanding and contracting to pump
varicose veins
swollen & twisted veins, can cause blood clot, caused by un-working valves in veins and cause back-flow or pooling of blood
angina pectoris
crushing chest pain from lack of blood to heart muscle, may be indication of infarction or pain during exercise or exertion
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intrinsic factors
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heart muscle cells contract without nerve impulses in a regular, continuous way
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middle, thick muscle layer, allows ventricles to create force for pumping
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space between pericardiums, reduces friction
pacemaker, located at right atrium, starts heartbeat
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specialized myocardial muscle fibers that conduct electricity impulse, spread within muscles of ventricular wall