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Water and pH (why properties important for life (High specific heat-…
Water and pH
why properties important for life
High specific heat- because Earth is covered with water, that absorbs heat from the sun slowly and then releases it at night, so that temperature fluctuations are not too great for life.
High heat of vaporization- allows organisms to shed heat and maintain temperature homeostasis. example: sweating.
Ice less dense- ice floats forming an insulating barrier so that bodies of water don't freeze solid and multicellular aquatic organisms can survive over the winter.
Surface tension- this forms a barrier between water and the atmosphere. Early in Earth history the atmoshpere was toxic and without surface tension life would not have evolved.
Capillary action- allows plants to take water from roots to leaves high above the ground, allowing plants to live away from bodies of water.
Universal solvent- this allows nutrient and waste to be distributed to and frin cells (e.g. blood.
Cohesion is that water molecules stick to other water molecules through H bonds
high heat of vaporization- when water turns into a gas, it requires a lot of energy and the gas takes the energy with it
water has to have enough energy to break all possible
surface tension- water dissolves a large variety of polar molecules
hydrogen bond between molecules at the surface of water are stronger and forms a film.
high specific heat- it takes a lot of heat energy to change the temperature of the body of water
as one molecule of water speeds up (gets hot) it is slowed down by other water molecules that is temporarily hydrogne bonds to.
water is less dense as a solid- ice floats
as water molecules slow down (get cold) they form permanent hydrogen bonds with three other water molecules. To do this they musr spread but reducing density
Adhesion is that water molecules stick to other polar molecule through H bonds
Universal Solvent- water has the ability to dissolve many other polar molecules
the polarity of water allows it to attract opposedly charged part of the other polar molecules in order to pry off idividual molecules from a solid and distribute them in a solution
Capillarity- water has the ability to climb up a small diameter tube against the force of gravity w/o using energy
water adheres to the side of tubes because of adhesion and brings up other water molecules through choesion. The smaller the diameter of the tube the higher the water climbs.
Chemical Composition of Water
H2O
water is 2 hydrogen atoms each covalently bonded to 1 oxygen atom (it's a singlecovalent bond)
the electrons shared beween H and O aren't shared equally making water a polar molecule
The H side of water is positive because the shared electrons hang out on the O side
The O side of water is positive is negative because the shared electrons hang out on this side of the molecules.