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Cardiovascular system (Major arteries and veins of
the body (Bronchial.…
Cardiovascular system
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Major components of
blood
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Platelets: Unlike red and white blood cells, platelets are not actually cells but rather small fragments of cells.:
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Plasma:The liquid component of blood is called plasma, a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts.
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Layers of the heart
Myocardium. The myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the cardiac muscle tissue.
Endocardium:Lines inner surface of heart chambers and valvesComprised of a layer of endothelial cells, and a layer of subendocardial connective tissue
Epicardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall and is just another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium.
Anatomy of the heart
The heart consists of four chambers
Atria: the two upper chambers (they receive blood).
Ventricles: the two lower chambers (they discharge blood).:
The wall of the heart consists of three layers of tissue:
Epicardium — protective layer mostly made of connective tissue.
Myocardium — the muscles of the heart.
Endocardium — lines the inside of the heart and protects the valves and chambers.
Cardiac
cycle and the ECG
The cardiac cycle integrates pressure, volume, and electrocardiographic and valvular movements during the systolic and diastolic periods
The ECG illustrates the electrical events that drive the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. The P wave of the ECG represents atrial depolarization, which is followed by contraction and an increase in pressure in the atria
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intrinsic factors
Intrinsic factor (IF), also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF), is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 later on in the ileum of the small intestine. In humans, the gastric intrinsic factor protein is encoded by the GIF gene.
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