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Neuroendocrine system (Human nervous system (anatomy and physiology…

- - - - CNS
        
        brain and spinal cord
        
        brain
        
        spinal cord
        
        reflex arcs
        
        polysynaptic reflex
        
        interneurons
        
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        monosynaptic reflex
        
        knee-jerk (patellar tendon) reflex
        
        dorsal root ganglion
      - PNS
        
        somatic (voluntary) nervous system
        
        neuromuscular junction
        
        ANS
        
        sympathetic division
        
        innervation
        
        parasympathetic division
        
        innervation
    - - gray matter vs. white matter
      - nuclei vs. ganglia
      - nerves vs. tracts
    - - cells
        
        neurons
        
        efferent (motor) neurons
        
        structure
        
        axon
        
        axon hillock
        
        axon terminal
        
        saltatory conduction
        
        myelin sheath
        
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        nodes of Ranvier
        
        soma
        
        nucleus
        
        endoplasmic reticulum
        
        ribosomes
        
        dendrites
        
        afferent (sensory) neurons
        
        glial cells
        
        CNS
        
        astrocytes
        
        oligodendrocytes
        
        ependymal cells
        
        microglia
        
        PNS
        
        Schwann cells
      - neural transmission
        
        intraneuronal (electrical) transmission vs. interneuronal (chemical) transmission
        
        intraneuronal (electrical) transmission
        
        resting membrane potential vs. action potential
        
        resting membrane potential
        
        electrochemical gradient
        
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        action potential
        
        phases and ion channels
        
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        impulse propagation
        
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        graded potentials
        
        temporal summation
        
        spatial summation
        
        interneuronal (chemical) transmission
        
        synapse
        
        presynaptic neuron
        
        postsynaptic neuron
        
        neurotransmitters
        
        clearance
- - - - endocrine organs
        
        hypothalamus
        
        paracrine release
        
        hypophyseal portal system
        
        GnRH
        
        GHRH
        
        TRH
        
        CRH
        
        PIF (or DA)
        
        hypothalamic neuron synthesis with axonal release
        
        ADH (vasopressin)
        
        oxytocin
        
        pituitary gland
        
        anterior pituitary
        
        tropic hormones
        
        FSH
        
        LH
        
        ACTH
        
        TSH
        
        direct hormones
        
        endorphins
        
        prolactin
        
        GH
        
        posterior pituitary
        
        ADH (vaspressin)
        
        oxytocin
        
        thyroid gland
        
        follicular cells
        
        T3
        
        T4
        
        parafollicular (C) cells
        
        calcitonin
        
        parathyroid gland
        
        PTH
        
        adrenal gland
        
        adrenal cortex
        
        steroid hormones
        
        glucocorticoids
        
        cortisol
        
        cortisone
        
        mineralocorticoids
        
        aldosterone
        
        cortical sex hormones
        
        androgens
        
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        estrogen
        
        adrenal medulla
        
        catecholamines
        
        epinephrine (E)
        
        norepinephrine (NE)
        
        pancreas
        
        islets of Langerhans
        
        beta-cells
        
        insulin
        
        delta-cells
        
        somatostatin
        
        alpha-cells
        
        glucagon
        
        pineal gland
        
        melatonin
        
        gonads
        
        ovaries (and placenta)
        
        corpus luteum
        
        progesterone
        
        estrogen
        
        testes
        
        interstitial cells (of Laydig)
        
        androgens
        
        testosterone
      - non-endocrine organs
        
        stomach
        
        G-cells
        
        gastrin
        
        small intestine
        
        duodenum
        
        enterogastrone
        
        secretin
        
        cholecytokinin (CCK)
        
        kidneys
        
        erythropoietin
        
        heart
        
        atria
        
        atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
        
        thymus
        
        thymosin
    - - hormones and endocrinology
        
        mechanisms of hormone action
        
        chemical structure
        
        posttranslational modification (cleavage)
        
        peptide hormones
        
        amino acid-derived hormones
        
        phenylalanine (Phe, F)
        
        tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
        
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        cholesterol
        
        steroid hormones
        
        target tissue
        
        non-endocrine tissue
        
        direct hormones
        
        endocrine tissue
        
        tropic hormones
      - homeostasis
        
        Ca2+ homeostasis
        
        calcitonin
        
        PTH
        
        glucose homeostasis
        
        glucagon
        
        insulin
        
        H2O homeostasis
        
        blood volume and blood osmolarity
        
        ADH (vasopressin)
        
        ANP
        
        aldosterone