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Musculoskeletal system (Muscular system (anatomy and physiology (anatomy…

- - - - skeletal muscle
        
        myocyte (muscle fiber)
        
        myofibril
        
        sarcomere
        
        titin
        
        lines
        
        Z-line
        
        M-line
        
        thick filaments
        
        myosin
        
        thin filaments
        
        troponin
        
        tropomyosin
        
        actin
        
        zone
        
        H-zone
        
        bands
        
        A-band
        
        I-band
        
        mitochondria
        
        sarcolemma
        
        sarcoplasmic reticulum
        
        transverse tubule (T-tubules)
      - smooth muscle
      - cardiac muscle
    - - muscle contraction
        
        initiation
        
        shortening of the sarcomere
        
        actin-myosin cross-bridge cycle
        
        sliding filament model
        
        relaxation
      - stimulation, summation, and muscle fatigue
        
        force of muscle contraction
        
        summation and tetanus (whole muscle)
        
        simple twitch (single fiber)
        
        O2 debt and muscle fatigue
        
        myocyte energy reserves
        
        creatine phosphate
        
        myoglobin
      - antagonistic skeletal muscle pairs
        
        flexor vs. extensor
        
        abductor vs. adductor
        
        medial rotation vs. lateral rotation
- - - - endoskeleton
        
        axial skeleton
        
        appendicular skeleton
      - bone
        
        macroscopic
        
        spongy (cancellous) bone
        
        trabeculae (bony spicules)
        
        bone marrow
        
        red marrow
        
        yellow marrow
        
        appendicular (long) bone
        
        epiphysis
        
        epiphyseal (growth) plate
        
        metaphysis
        
        diaphysis
        
        marrow cavity
        
        periosteum
        
        dense connective tissue
        
        tendons
        
        ligaments
        
        compact bone
        
        microscopic
        
        compact bone
        
        bone matrix
        
        osteon (Haversian system)
        
        organic vs. inorganic components
        
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        lamellae (rings)
        
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      - cartilage
        
        chondrin (matrix)
        
        chondryocytes
    - - bone
        
        bone remodeling
        
        degradation (resorption)
        
        osteoclasts
        
        reformation
        
        osteoblasts
        
        endocrine control
        
        PTH
        
        calcitonin
        
        vitamin D
      - cartilage
        
        endochondral ossification vs. intramembranous ossification
      - joints
        
        movable vs. immovable joints
        
        immovable
        
        skull
        
        movable
        
        categories
        
        ball-and-socket joints
        
        shoulder
        
        hip
        
        hinge joints
        
        knee
        
        elbow
        
        ligaments
        
        synovial capsule
        
        articular (joint) cavity
        
        articular cartiage
        
        synovium
        
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