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Module 6 Chapter 26 (26.3 Carboxylic Acids (Carboxyl group (Carboxylic…
Module 6 Chapter 26
26.1 Carbonyl Compounds
Aldehydes and Ketones
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Aldehyde
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Simplest= Methanal HCHO
Ketone
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Simplest= Propanone CH3COCH3
(AKA Acetone- in nail varnish removers)
Naming
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Suffix= Aldehyde= -al, Ketone= -one
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Nucleophilic addition
C=O bond
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Nucleophile is attracted to and attacks slightly +ve carbon resulting in addition across C=O double bond (nucleophilic addition)
Formed of σ-bond (direct overlap of orbitals between C and O and a π bond (overlap of p-orbitals above and below plane of C and O atoms
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26.3 Carboxylic Acids
Carboxyl group
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Methanoic Acid- HCOOH
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Solubility
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As carbon chain length increases solubility decreases as the non-polar chain has a greater effect on the overall polarity
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