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Imperialism and WWI (Imperialism (Causes of imperial expansion (Finance…
Imperialism and WWI
Imperialism
Tense internationa l
relations
France & Germany
Industrialised countries
big productions
Consumer society
social inequalities
crisis
tension in Europe
1870-1914
no armed conflicts
(only political tension)
increase in the production of
arms and military equipment
Late 19th -early 20th
Developed countries took control of
other regions
lands became colonies and formed colonial empires.
colonial empires
European countries,
US and Japan.
Areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania.
LARGEST COLONIAL EMPIRES:
Great Britain
France
Causes of imperial expansion
Finance capitalism
Rapid industrial
development
Colonies provided industrialised countries with cheap raw materials
new markets where industrialised countries could sell the manufactured goods
Causes of imperial expansion
COLONIES
Symbol of international prestige
Attractive destination for European emigrants:
machines replacing workers
Consequences of Imperialism
native people had second class status and racial
segregation
Rivalry between imperial powers
Imbalanced world economy:
The First World War
1914 and 1918,
Who was in
European countries
their African and Asian colonies,
the United States,
Japan, China
Latin American republics.
causes of the war
Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire competed for control of the Balkans.
France wanted to recover the region of Alsace-Lorraine
Great Britain was thinking that the German Empire was going to steal their supremacy of its merchant navy
The assassination of Franz Francis
Alliances during the First World War
The Central Powers:
Serbia + Triple Entente (France, Great Britain and the Russian Empire) + Belgium, Japan, Italy, Romania, the United States, Greece, Portugal, China, and various Latin American republics.
The Allies:
Austro-Hungarian Empire + German + Ottoman empires + Bulgaria.
1915, Italy abandoned its neutrality and joined the Allies in order to recover Trieste and Istria,
Phases of the war
Initial German
offensives (1914)
Germany put the Schlieffen
Plan into effect.
launching a rapid offensive on the Western Front, invading Belgium and the north of France with the aim of reaching Paris.
not succeed because the French and British armies stopped their advance at
the First Battle of the Marne
Trench warfare (1915–16)
Western Front between Germany and the Allies stabilised and as they could not advance
both sides focused on
defending their positions
built trenches
Incorporation and withdrawal of allies
(1917)
United States decided to join
the war on the side of the Allies
German submarines had sunk neutral
merchant ships
The end of the war and the
Armistice (1918)
Exhaustion and an ever-increasing
lack of resources
Central Powers to seek peace
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated
11 November 1918, the Armistice was signed.
War economy
Industrial sector
production of military equipment and supplies
Agricultural and consumer goods production decreased because there weren't enough labourers
Rationing was introduced + black market developed
Society during the war
young men were conscripted or recruited into the armed forces
women were allowed to do jobs in economic sectors that had previously only been done by men
Peace settlement
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
peace conditions that would be imposed on the defeated countries
Fourteen Points
democratic states, freedom of trade and respect for a nation's right to self-determination
rejected by the Allied
countries
Consequences of the war
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
Decrease in population
Destruction of the cities
women in the
workplace
began to fight for the right to vote
Loss of Europe's economic power
material losses
loans from the US during the war.
US became the
world's leading economic power
TERRITORIAL CONSEQUENCES
Redistribution of the colonies
new map of Europe