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Electricity (charges can move from one place to another (electric…
Electricity
charges can move from one place to another
static charges have potential energy
electric potential energy
potential energy is stored energy an object may have because of its position similarly electric potential energy is energy a charged particle has due to its position in an electric field
when a charged particle moves away from a particle with like charge its potential energy decreases
electric potential is the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field
to push a partial closer to another partial with the same charge takes a certain amount of energy
A potential of of one volt is equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge
charge movement- a moving electricity charge through a material can cause the materials to heat up
Charge separation-charge build up-static discharge (lightning)- a type of static discharge
Conductor- a material that easily allows an electric charge to pass through it
Resistance is the property that determines how easily a charge can move move through it
measured in ohms
depends on amount of a material and the shape of it and the type of material
superconductors- have practically no resistance but they have to be kept super cold
Insulator- an object that does not easily allows an electric charge to pass through it
grounding is providing a harmless low resistance path for electricity to follow
electric current is a flow of charge
electric charge can flow continuously
another name for a flow of electric charge is called electric current
electric current obeys the same rules as moving static charges (it can only flow if it has a path)
ampere (amp) is the standard unit of measure for current it is the amount of charge that flows past a given point for a unit of time it is determined by voltage and resistance.
ohm's law is a law covering the mathematical relationship between amps, ohms and volts
Current=Voltage/Resistance (I=V/R)
Volts, ohms, amps can all be measured with electrical instruments
electric cells supply electric current
electric cell- produces electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials
electrochemical cells is an electric cell that produces current by means of chemical reactions
primary cells-produces electric current through chemical reactions the reactions continues until the chemicals are used up
storage cells-are rechargeable
produce current through chemical reactions through chemical reactions that can be reversed in the battery
color cells-some materials can absorb energy energy from the sun or other sources of light
Materials can become electrically charged
electric charge is a property of matter
electricity, static electricity and magnetism are all related
all three are called electric charge
smallest unit of a material that still retains the properties of the material is an atom
a molecule is two or more atoms bonded together
protons and electrons have electric charges
electric charge is a property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it
charged particles-electric charge can be either negative or positive
attraction- particles with unlike charges attract (pull) each other
repulsion- particles repel each other when there charges are alike
static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
objects can have electric charges
a static charge is build up of electric charge in an object caused by the presence of many particles with the same charge
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charging by contact occurs when one materials electrons are attracted to another material more than their own
charging by induction
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a force is a push or a pull
the space around the particle through which an electric charge can exert it's force is called the electric field
the strength of the field is greater closer and weaker further away
particles exert forces on each other through their electric fields