60 year old woman with a history of obesity & DM II & has experienced a myocardial infraction & caused damaged to papillary muscles of left ventricle causing the mitral valve to not be able to close; BP 95/55 & breath rate is 40b/m; heart rate is 125/min
background information:
upstream causes:
downstream causes:
direct:
failed mitral valve affect body systems:
pathway of blood through the heart
anatomy of the heart
role of:
concepts of:
normal sounds of heart & what causes them:
relationship between heart function & blood pressure:
relationship between heart function & respiratory rate:
heart rate
stroke volume
cardiac output
mean arterial pressure
preload
afterload
peripheral resistance
valves
papillary muscles
urinary
nervous
respiratory
circulatory
indirect:
mitral valve not being able closing
obesity & diabetes mellitus ll
1.Superior/inferior vena cava 2.Right atrium 3.Ticuspid valve 4.Right ventricle 5.Pulmonary SL valve 6.Pulmonary trunk artery 7.Pulmonary artery (2x) 8.Lungs 9.Pulmonary veins (4x) 10,Left atrium 11.Bicuspid valve 12.Left ventricle 13.Aortic SL valve 14.Aorta 15.Body
prevent backward flow of the blood when being pumped in the heart
attached to the chordae tendineae which help with the closure of the valves to prevent back flow
lub (S1)- first heart sound caused by the closure of the mitral & tricuspid valves at the beginning of the systole
dub (S2) second heart sound caused by the closure of the aortic & pulmonary valves which marks the end of the systole
as the heart contracts to pump blood the blood pressure goes up but as the heart relaxes the blood pressure decreases
pulmonary hypertension can happen which is when you develop a type of high blood pressure that affects the vessels in the lungs; causing pressure in the pulmonary veins can cause fluid build up in the lungs
heart failure occurs because if the mitral valve is not functioning than the left ventricle has to work extra causing it to become more bigger and weaker; atrial fibrillation can also occur because the left atrium having all that back flow becomes enlarged which can cause heart rhythm to be irregular which can cause blood clots & can travel to other parts of body
the heart can become too full with blood causing the main vein connected to your kidneys to have blockage & not receiving enough oxygenated blood to the kidneys which leads to kidney diseases
volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole & the heart wall stretch before contraction
is the resistance of the arteries to blood flow; as the arteries constrict the resistance increases & as they dilate the resistance decreases
amount of blood the heart pumps through body
the number of heartbeats usually per minute; it is based on the number of contractions of the ventricles
the amount of blood put out by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction
is a calculations of blood flow, resistance, & pressure to supply blood to all major organs.
resistance in the arteries to the ejection of blood by the ventricles & it shows the pressure needed to meet before the blood exits the chamber
when you breath in the heart rate goes up and then when you breathe out the heart rate decreases
ischemic strokes can happen because of not enough blood flow to the brain which is needed for transport of oxygen & other nutrients for the brain
heart wall
serous peridcardium
myocardium
fibrous pericardium
endocardium
heart chambers
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
heart chamber associated structures
fossa ovalis
pectinate muscles
papillary muscles
chordae tendinae
auricles
interventricular septum
heart valves
bicuspid (mitral)
aortic semi lunar
pulmonary
tricuspid
blood vessels that enter & leave the heart
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary artery
superior & inferior vena cava
aorta
muscle
endocrine
immune
when the mitral valve is not closing it is causing back flow and inappropriate way of blood flow which can be an affect on muscles not receiving enough blood which can cause tissue damage
hormones are released through the blood stream & an irregular blood flow can cause the hormone to not be properly transmitted & can cause further problems in the body
when blood flow is being interrupted the body's immune system can become weaken by not getting all those white blood cells to be functioning properly & causes the body to be more prone to bacteria or infections