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Cardiovascular System Abigail Pratt P4 (Anatomy of the Heart (Pulmonary…
Cardiovascular System Abigail Pratt P4
Major Functions
Pump oxygenated blood through the body, take in de-oxygenated blood
Anatomy of the Heart
Pulmonary Artery
Blood from right ventricle into lungs
Pulmonary Vein
Blood from lungs into left atrium
Aorta
Oxygenated blood to body
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
Blood from body into right atrium, de-oxygenated
Tricuspid Valve
Prevents backwash from right ventricle to right atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Prevents backwash from left ventricle into left atrium
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Prevents backwash from aorta into left ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Prevents backwash from lungs into right ventricle
Left Atrium
Holds blood from lungs
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood into aorta
Right Atrium
Holds de-oxygenated blood from body
Right Ventricle
Pumps de-oxygenated blood into lungs
Chordae Tendonae
Hold valves in place
Papillary Muscles
Inner heart muscles
Trabeculae Carnae
Porous inner musculature of heart
Layers of the Heart
Epicardium (external layer), the myocardium (middle layer) and the endocardium (inner layer). The epicardium is the thin, transparent outer layer of the wall and is composed of delicate connective tissue
Blood flow through body + heart
Aorta --> Body --> Superior/Inferior Vena Cava --> Right Atrium --> Tricuspid Valve --> Right Ventricle --> Pulmonary Semilunar Valve --> Pulmonary Artery --> Lungs --> Pulmonary Vein --> Left Atrium --> Bicuspid/Mitrol Valve --> Left Ventricle --> Aortic Semilunar Valve --> Body
Vena Cavae to Lungs = de-oxygenated. Lungs to Body = oxygenated
Major Arteries + Veins
Aorta
Pumps oxygenated blood from left ventricle to whole body
Pulmonary Artery
Takes blood from right ventricle to lungs
Pulmonary Vein
Takes blood from lungs to left atrium
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
Takes blood from body to right atrium
Blood Vessel Types
Capillary
Smallest, directly interacts muscles, etc
Vein
Medium sized, usually flow towards the heart, made up of venules (bunches of capillaries)
Artery
Largest, usually flow away from the heart, oxygenated
Intrinsic Factors
The myogenic sublevel and the sublevels of cell-to-cell communication, the cardiac nervous system, and humoral factors produced within the heart. Myogenic regulation is considered to be the first sublevel in control of the cardiac function.
Disorders
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, symptoms manifest differently in men and women
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
Endocarditis and Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart
Congenital Heart Disease
Issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth