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60 yr old female presented with labored breathing and gurgling, confirmed…

- - - - anchors the heart to surrounding structures
    - - outer parietal layer
        
        pericardial fluid (thick layer of serous fluid) lies between and provides a slippery surface for movement of the heart
      - inner visceral layer
  - - - visceral layer of serous pericardium
    - - muscular part of heart, consisting of contracting cardiac muscle and non contracting Purkinje fibers that conduct nerve impulses; cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes)
    - - thin, smooth, endothelia, inner lining of the heart
  - - - thick walls
        
        pumping chamber for the pulmonary circulation
        
        contracted: pumps O2 poor blood through the pulmonary SL valve, into pulmonary trunk artery, divides into 2 pulmonary arteries, left and right lungs
        
        relaxed: less pressure in RV more in pulmonary trunk, pulmonary valve close
    - - left auricle
        
        holding chamber for blood before it flows to the left ventricle
        
        receive O2 rich blood from the lungs through 4 pulmonary veins (2 from each lung)
        
        relaxed: blood leaves LA and goes through bicuspid (mitral) valve
    - - upper right side of heart
      - right auricle
        
        temporary storage chamber so blood will be ready for right ventricle
    - - walls thicker than right ventricle
        
        pumping chamber for the systematic circulation
        
        contracted: pumps O2 rich blood through the aortic SL valve, into aorta, then throughout body
        
        relaxed: less pressure in LV more in aorta, aortic SL valve close
- - - - pulmonary hypertension
    - - renal dysfunction
    - - Dysautonomia
  - - - blood flows backward into heart
- - - - right AV valve (tricuspid valve)
      - left AV valve (bicuspid or mitral valve)
        
        prevents back flow of blood
    - - pulmonary SL valve
      - aortic SL valve
  - - - limit the extent to which the AV valve can be forced closed, preventing it from being pushed through and into the atrium
- - - - CO= SV x HR