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ELECTRICITY (Materials can become electrically charged (Static charges are…
ELECTRICITY
Materials can become electrically charged
electric charge is a property of matter
electric charge
electric field
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
Charge by contact
two uncharged objects made of certain materials, electrons move from one material to the other
charge by induction
buildup of a charge without direct contact
example
polarization
static charge
technology uses static electricity
painting cars
photocopier
Charges can move from one place to another
static charges have potential energy
electric potential energy
electric potential
amount of electric potential energy per unit charge
measured in volts
one joule of energy per coulomb of charge
charge movement
lightning
materials affect charge movement
conductors and insulators
conductors: metals
insulators: plastic and rubber,etc
resistance
property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it
measured in ohms
grounding
superconductors
Electric current is a flow of charge
electric charge can flow continuously
current, voltage and resistance
measure for current is the ampere
Ohm's Law
Current=Voltage/Resistance or I=V/R
Electric cells supply electric current
electrochemical cells
storage cells
rechargeable
produce current through chemical reactions that can be reversed inside the battery
car battery, phones
primary cells: not rechargeable
produce electric current through chemical reactions that continues until one or more of the chemicals is used up
batteries, flashlight
electric cell that produces current y means of chemical reactions
solar cells