Chapter 1
Electric charge is a property of matter
Electric charge allows something to transfer something to another object without actually touching it.
Electric field is where force is traveled through another force.
Static Charges are causes by the movement of electrons.
Static charge is a buildup of of electric charge.
Materials affect static charges
walking across a carpet with socks
Induction is the buildup without direct contact
You will become charged bc of the contact
Change polarization
temperary static charge
There will be more electric charge
Rubbing your head against the wall
Surface of the wall bcomes polarized
The balloon bcomes negatively charged
Used in making cars
Electrostatic air filters
Static charges have potential energy
Electric potential energy
Energy that a charged particle has due to its position in an electric field.
Water moving downwards in a stream
Electric potential
Amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position on the electric field.
Volt is equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge.
Electric potential energy is measured in things called volts.
Charge Movement
Water moving from a higher to lower position
That uses up potential energy and that potential energy is what makes the water move.
moving charge transfers when you get a shock from static electricity.
When you go to touch a doorknob the potential energy from the doorknob is sent to you.
The force of attraction is way stronger when the particles are close together.
Conductors and insulators
A material that allows an electric charge to pass through it easily is called a conductor.
A material that does not easily allow a charge to pass through it is called an insulator.
Resistance
Electrical resistance is the property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it.
Electric resistance is measured in ohms
Most materials have some amounts of resistance. It is always varying.
Resistance depends on the amount and shape of the material and the type of material.
Its easier to drink through a narrow straw then a big one.
Superconductors
Some materials have almost no resistance at all. This is mostly at extremely low temperatures.
There are things called superconductors. These conductors conduct better than regularly good conductors.
They are able to conserve energy.
Grounding
Grounding means providing a harmless, low resistance path for electricity to follow.
Electric charge can flow continously
The flow of electric charge is what is called electric current.
Runs homes, schools, and many other buildings.
Current, voltage, and resistance
the standard unit of flow is called an ampere
Can be compared to a flow of water through a pipe.
Controls how much water flows through the pipe.
Ohms Law
Current=Voltage/Resistance I=V/R
Measuring electricity
Volts are measured with a voltmeter
Ohms are measured with an ohmeter
Amps are measured with a ammeter
These things are combined to form a multimeter
Electric cells supply electric current
an electric cell produces electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials.
Solar cells
Used in streetlights
Current moves moves back and forth turning the switch on and off
A storage cell is used for energy for longer periods, and in batteries.
A primary cell is electro chemical cell. Can be used in TV remotes.