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TUBERCULOSIS (1) DEFINITION h5FQsSizWwiUWBXMmhYkD8-320-80 (Types of TB (1.…
TUBERCULOSIS
1) DEFINITION 
- Tuberculosis is a communicable disease.
- Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis) that most often affect the lungs (World Health Organization, 2019).
Types of TB
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eg: bones & joints, lymph nodes, meninges
2) CAUSATIVE AGENT
- The causative agent is tubercle bacilli - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
- It is a rod-shaped bacillus.
- It has been classified under acid fast bacilli (AFB) using Ziehl-Neelson stain.
3) SOURCE OF INFECTION
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It's spread when a person with active TB disease in their lungs coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets, which contain TB bacteria.
4) MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• Tuberculosis pathogen, M. tuberculosis is carried in airborne particles called droplet nuclei, thus, transmitted through air.
• Tuberculosis can be spread through cough, sneeze, shout or sing by persons who have pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis.
• Transmission occur when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing the pathogen and transverse the mouth or nasal passages, upper respiratory tract and bronchi to reach the lungs alveoli.
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7) INCUBATION PERIOD
Time from receipt of infection to the development of positive tuberculin test ranges from about 3 to 6 weeks.
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8) SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
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Prolonged fever
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9) INVESTIGATION
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Chest X-ray
Nucleic Acid Amplication Tests (NAAT) for rapid detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant TB
For latent TB infection (LTBI), tuberculin skin test or Mantoux test is indicated
Performance of the TB skin test
By injecting a small amount of fluid (called tuberculin) into the skin on the lower part of the arm.
A person given the tuberculin skin test must return within 48 to 72 hours to look for a reaction on the arm.
The result depends on the size of the raised, hard area or swelling.
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There is no problem in repeating a TB skin test. If repeated, the additional test should be placed in a different location on the body (e.g., other arm).
10) TREATMENT
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2 additional antibiotics (pyrazinamide and ethambutol) for the first 2 months of the 6-month treatment period
After taking antibiotics for 2 weeks, most people are no longer infectious and feel better.
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Medications, Daily Doses and Route
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