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Geography - Coasts (Physical processes of a coast (Waves (Three factors…

- - - - Strong swash, weak backwash
      - Deposits material on beach and build them up
    - - Strong backwash, weak swash
      - High wave height crash's on the beach and receedes beach
    - - When in deep water they move in a circular motion but in shallow the water itself moves forward
    - - Speed of wind
      - Fetch
      - Duration
  - - - Freeze thaw weathering - The repeated freezing therefore expansion and then thawing of water in cracks causes rock fragments to fall away
    - - Carbonation - Carbon Dioxide dissolves in water to make it acidic dissolving some rock
      - Hydrolysis - Acidic rainwater breaks down rock causing it to rot
      - Oxidation - Rocks broken down by oxygen and water
- - - - Hard Rock which juts into the sea
      - High energy area affected by destructive waves
      - Vertical cliff face
      - Eroded and Weathered
    - - Marked by Two Headlands
      - Low Energy Constructive Waves
      - Soft rock forms crescent bay
      - Long Shore Drift occurs
      - Formed due to different hardness of rock on a discordant coastline (Aligned at right angles to the coast)
    - - Erosion (Hydraulic Abrasion) occurs between high and low tide
        
        A notch is formed,and eventually the cliff falls away, breaks down into smaller rocks by attrition for more abrasion
        
        Low tide a wave cut platform is exposed and the process is repeated, however slows as WCP gets longer
    - - A large crack is enlarged by pressure, this is slowly increased due to destructive waves and refraction. Forming a notch then a cave. It then breaks through the back then freeze thaw weakens the roof eventually collapses and forms a stack
  - - - Heavy particles settle against driftwood, the windward side builds up sand until it collapses under its own weight. Lighter sand falls on the other side and the dune grows in magnitude as more sand falls
      - Formed from Aeolian Transport -Transport by air through suspension, saltation and creep
      - Slowly migrates backwards as sand falls over the leeward side
    - - Formed by constructive waves as they deposit
- - - - Advantage - Works with natural processes
      - Disadvantage - Beaches further down may starve of fresh sediment
    - - Advantage - Very effective
      - Disadvantage - Expensive and very ugly
    - - Advantage - Clean and easy. Recreational use
      - Disadvantage - Can look out of place and dangerous
    - - Advantage - Cheap and easy
      - Disadvantage - Very unnatural/ high maintenance
    - - Advantage -
      - Disadvantage -
  - - - Advantage - Maintains natural beauty
      - Disadvantage - Does not prevent for long and expensive
    - - Advantage - Make habitats
      - Disadvantage - Debate over what land should be flooded
    - - Advantage - Very effective on clay or loose rock cliffs
      - Disadvantages - Can dry out and crumble
    - - Disadvantage - Time consuming and could be eroded
      - Advantage - Natural look