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Culture Bias (1.When studies done cross culturally + find difference…
Culture Bias
1.When studies done cross culturally + find difference between 2 cultures, genuine difference or reflect problem with methodology used?
Culture bias in P = serious issue, potentially long lasting neg consequences for society (socially sensitive). Whether research about cultural difference/bias can be controversial/complex topic.
4.Whilst seem to be genuine differences, what if difference due to problems in way collect data? E.g. if intelligence test used developed in West, other cultures may score lower. However, difference not reflect real difference between cultures, but bias in way data collected. Other methodological issues e.g. views of research/problems with translation may also bias results.
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- Hofstede outlined main differences between individualist/collectivist cultures.
I = emphasise self interest + interest of immediate family, personal autonomy, initiative + achievement.
C = emphasise loyalty to group, interdependence + belief that group decisions more important than individual.
5.Alpha bias - highlighting there's real + enduring differences between people of different cultures.
Beta bias - assumption that everyone's same + thus ignoring/minimising differences between cultures;
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1.Myers + Deiner - noted differences between people in I + C cultures in terms of Subjective Wellbeing, with more people in IC reporting SWB.
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However, could be difference due to cultural bias in way SWB measured. If questionnaire used, Q's may be based on Western assumptions of what SWB is. Thus make people from CC appear different.
People from different countries may not genuinely be different in terms of SWB, but methods used to test/observe based so cultural groups look different. This = alpha bias - exaggerating differences.
2.Some psychologists assume no differences - lead to bias where cultures ignored. Kohlberg used same techniques/tests with all people + found children in Mexico/Taiwan same as US but development little slower.
However, hard to imagine moral dilemmas made sense to other culture groups - this = beta bias, ignoring genuine differences.
Led to wrongly claiming to have found biological differences in IQ between 2 culture groups - highlighted by William's Bitch Test.
- Jensen's IQ test = example of beta bias - didn't consider genuine cultural differences in language used + type of intelligence gathered by black/white American children.
Has been move away from Hofstede's I/C culture - now evidence that there's larger intracultural differences e.g. between those in rural/urban areas, than intercultural differences.
Keeping awareness of dangers of culture bias in mind, P should embrace differences/similarities. Should learn from diverse cultures + apply what learn to P.
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