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Communicating in Groups and Teams (Vocabulary (virtual groups: people who…
Communicating in Groups and Teams
Key Ideas
the nature of groups and teams
characteristics of groups and teams
leadership and communication
followership and communication
Vocabulary
virtual groups: people who interact with one another via-mediated channels, without meeting face-to-face
group goals: goals that a group collectively seeks to accomplish
individual goals: individual motives for joining a group
hidden agendas: individual goals that group members are unwilling to reveal
social loafing: the tendency of some people to do less work as group members than they would as individuals
rule: an explicit, officially stated guideline that governs group functions and member behavior
norms: shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and procedures that govern a group's operation
social norms: group norms that govern the way members relate to one another
procedural norms: norms that describe rules for the group's operation
task norms: group norms that govern the way members handle the job at hand
sociogram: a graphic representation of the interaction patterns in a group
all-chain network: a communication network pattern in which group members are frequently together and share all information with one another
chain network: a communication network in which information passes sequentially from one member to another
wheel network: a communication network in which gatekeeper regulates the flow of information from all other members
gatekeeper: person in a small group through whom communication among other members flow
roles: the patterns of behavior expected of group members
formal role: a role assigned to a person by group members or an organization, usually to establish order
informal role: a role usually not explicitly recognized by a group that describes functions of group members, rather than their positions. These are sometimes called "functional roles"
task roles: roles group members take on in order to help solve a problem
social roles: emotional roles concerned with maintaining smooth personal relationships among group members. Also termed "maintenance functions"
dysfunctional roles: individual roles played by group members that inhibit the group's effective operation
trait theories of leadership: a school of thought based on the belief that some people are born to be leaders and others are not
situational leadership: a theory that argues that the most effective leadership style varies according to leader-member relations, the normal leader's power, and the task structure
authoritarian leadership: a style in which the designated leader uses coercive and reward power to dictate the group's actions
democratic leadership: a style in which the leader invites the group's participation in decision making
laissez-fair leadership: a style in which the designated leader gives up his or her formal role, transforming the group into a loose collection of individuals
servant leadership: a style based on the idea that a leader's job is mostly to recruit outstanding team members and provide the support they need to do a good job
leadership grid: a two-dimensional model that identifies leadership styles as a combination for people for the task at hand
transformational leaders: defined by their devotion to help a team fulfill an important mission
emergent leader: a member who assumes leadership roles without being appointed by higher-ups
power: the ability to influence others' thoughts and/or actions
legitimate power: the ability to influence a group owing to one's position in a group
legitimate power: the ability to influence a group owing to one's position in a group
nominal leader: the person who is identified by title as the leader of a group
expert power: the ability to influence others by virtue of one's perceived expertise on the subject in question
connection power: the influence granted by virtue of a member's ability to develop relationships that help the group reach its goal
reward power: the ability to influence others by granting or promising of desirable consequences
coercive power: the power to influence others by the threat or imposition of unpleasant consequences
referent power: the ability to influence others by virtue of the degree to which one is liked or respected
Examples
I have been an emergent leader a few times where the rest of the group decides that I would lead, even if it wasn't clear from the start
many people that I have been in groups with social loaf because they don't want to contribute
we all use norms everyday while we communicate
lots of people have hidden agendas, like many don't contribute and just be in the group to get a good grade
in many group projects there have been task norms, so most people have a certain part to do in the project
Examples from Text
hidden agendas: an egocentric group member whose primary goal, which he would never admit, is to hog the discussion
social loafing: lazy behavior in a group, slacker
social norms: what humors are appropriate/accepted
procedural norms: "we always start on time"
task norms: "Does the job have to be done perfectly, or is an adequate, if imperfect, solution good enough?"
formal roles: have labels "treasurer" "customer service representative"
trait theories of leadership: "great man" "great woman"
emergent leader: if you are doing a group project in school, the team might choose someone to be the leader, if it was not clear from the beginning
legitimate power: jobs like "supervisor"