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60 year old woman with myocardial infarction (mitral valve regurgitation…

- - - - mitral valve failure causes low blood pressure
        
        30 breaths per minute, normal resting rate 12-20 BrPM
        
        lungs gasping for air body's response to low blood oxygen content , due to the fact that O2 is not being pushed to the body fast enough
        
        low blood pressure caused by left ventricle contraction interruption
        
        causing gurgling sound(heart murmur)
- - - - papillary muscle of the heart prevent inversion (back flow) or prolapse (bulging) of the AV valves
        
        normal sound of the heart through a stethoscope is lubb-dupp
        
        lubb is the sound of the tricuspid and bicuspid AV valve closing to prevent blood leaking back into the atriums
        
        dupp sound is the sound of the pulmonary and aortic semi- lunar valves closing to prevent blood leaking back into the ventricles
  - - - preload, the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction
        
        afterload, pressure the heart must exert to eject blood during systole
        
        peripheral resistance,resistance of the arteries to blood flow
        
        stroke volume, amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle
- - - - pulmonary veins x4
        
        heart
        
        left atrium
        
        mitral AV valve
        
        left ventricle
        
        aortic semi-lunar valve
        
        1 more item...
      - cellular exchange CO2 to O2
- - - - excessive urination
        
        dehydration
- - - - stroke
  - - - heart failure
      - body retains blood for brain and heart causing reduced amount of blood for other vital organs
        
        liver failure
        
        kidney failure
      - swollen legs