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Chapter 9 (Vocabulary (Group: A small collection of people whose members…
Chapter 9
Vocabulary
Group: A small collection of people whose members interact with one another, usually face-to-face, over time in order to reach goals.
Virtual Groups: People who interact with one another via mediated channels, without meeting face-to-face.
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Social Loafing: The tendency of some people to do less work as group members than they would as individuals.
Rule: An explicit, officially stated guideline that governs group functions and member behavior.
Norms: Shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and procedures that govern a group's operation.
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All-Channel Network: A communication network pattern in which group members are frequently together and share all information with one another.
Chain Network: A communication network in which information passes sequentially from one member to another.
Wheel Network: A communication network in which a gatekeeper regulates the flow of information from all other members.
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Formal Role: A role assigned to a person by group members or an organization, usually to establish order.
Informal Role: A role usually not explicitly recognized by a group that describes functions of group members, rather than their positions. These are sometimes called "functional roles".
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Social Roles: Emotional roles concerned with maintaining smooth personal relationships among group members. Also termed "maintenance functions".
Dysfunctional Roles: Individual roles played by group members that inhibit the group's effective operation.
Trait Theories of Leadership: A school of thought based on the belief that some people are born to be leaders and others are not.
Situational Leadership: A theory that argues that the most effective leadership style varies according to leader-member relations, the nominal leader's power, and the task structure.
Authoritarian Leadership: A style in which the designated leader uses coercive and reward power to dictate the group's actions.
Democratic Leadership: A style in which the leader invites the group's participation in decision making.
Laissez-Faire Leadership: A style in which the designated leader gives up his or her formal role, transforming the group into a loose collection of individuals.
Servant Leadership: A style based on the idea that a leader's job is mostly to recruit outstanding team members and provide the support they need to do a good job.
Leadership Grid: A two-dimensional model that identifies leadership styles as a combination of concern for people and for the task at hand.
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Expert Power: The ability to influence others by virtue of one's perceived expertise on the subject in question.
Connection Power: The influence granted by virtue of a member's ability to develop relationships that help the group reach its goal.
Reward Power: The ability to influence others by the granting or promising of desirable consequences.
Coercive Power: The ability to influence others by the threat or imposition of unpleasant consequences.
Referent Power: The ability to influence others by virtue of the degree to which one is liked or respected.
Key Ideas
Teamwork doesn't come from what the group is doing, but how they do it.
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When every member of a team is assigned a specific role, the group is more likely to accomplish the task at hand.
Personal Connections
When doing group work in middle school and high school, I often had to work with people who didn't do their share of the work. It was always so frustrating because it made the work much harder for the rest of the group members and sometimes it would affect our end result.
I find that my team at work is very successful because we all get along with each other and we all generally have the same individual and group goals.
In total I have 5 managers at work and I would say that two of them are more of the "country club manager" type and the other 3 are more authoritative.
I work at a clothing store and my usual task role is either working at the fitting rooms or tidying up the store because those are two things that I am pretty experienced with.
Currently I would consider myself more of a follower in the groups I am involved with. I think I am more of a participant because I am supportive of my group's goals and do everything I can to help achieve them.
Examples from the Text
A team of students working on a class project might agree that one person is best suited to take the lead in organizing and presenting their work.
"Mandela challenged the apartheid policies of the white South African government and spent 27 years in prison as a result. Yet he persevered, ultimately uniting the country and becoming one of the greatest civil rights leaders in history".
A group of passengers on United Airlines flight 93 banded together in an effort to stop the hijackers that were trying to crash the plane into a landmark in Washington DC.
A cultural norm in our society is that meetings should begin at the scheduled time, yet the norm in some groups is to delay talking about real business until 10 or so minutes into the meeting.
A project team at work is trying to come up with a new way to attract customers. The youngest member, fresh from a college advertising class, suggests a winning idea.