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Chapter 3: Socio-cultural influences - Ethical and socio-cultural issues…
Chapter 3: Socio-cultural influences - Ethical and socio-cultural issues
Ethics in sport
Deviance
Involves human behaviour that goes against society's norms and values. Breaking the rules in a sport, often cheating or illegal behaviour
Examples
Taking steroids to throw further
Verbal abuse
Racism
Physical abuse
Sportsmanship
Involves behaviour that shows respect for opponents, fair play and gracious behaviour, whether you win or lose.
Examples
Shaking hands after sport
Helping an injured opponent up
Gamesmanship
Bending the rules to get an advantage without breaking them. The use of unethical methods to win or gain an advantage.
Examples
Diving in football
Wasting time
Pulling shirts
Etiquette
About the customs we observe surrounding the rules and regulations of physical activity and what is socially acceptable in a particular culture. Involves a convention or an accepted way of behaviour
Types of Drugs in sport
Beta Blockers
Reduce affects of adrenaline on the body by reducing muscle tension, blood pressure and heart rate
Improve a performer's fine motor skill and allows for accuracy and precision
Good for archery
Side effects
Nausea
Weakness
Tiredness
Poor Circulation
Stimulants
Increase alertness by acting as a brain stimulant
Benefit sprinters, rugby players and footballers
Anabolic steroids/agents
Increase in strength and aggression
Allows performer to train harder and more often, leads to increased muscle mass
Good for rugby players and boxers
Motivations for deviance or gamesmanship
Pressure from team, sponsors or fans
Wanting to gain an advantage
Competitiveness
Motivations for violence in sport
Instinct theory
Violence is an innate approach
A natural reaction
Stress/frustration
Losing causes frustration
Decisions given by officials
Copying
Copying significant others (e.g. role models on TV)
If you see violence, you may think it is acceptable
Angry
Teammates letting you down
Not playing to the best of your ability
Lack of punishment
Retaliation
Tension
A fixture may have emotional importance
The sport itself
The sport itself may be more physical and may require some violence
Use of equipment as weapons
Kit dehumanises individuals
Contact sport (e.g. ice hockey)
Cons of Drugs in sport
Banned if caught, ruins a reputation
Tests are now more accurate
Can lead to lost sponsorship
Immoral and is cheating, goes against values of sport
Health risks
Pros of Drugs in sport
Cope with pressure better
Increased income because of better performances
Fame and sponsorship (e.g. through winning competitions)
Strategies to control violence and aggression
Relax
Calm down by focusing on your performance
Channel aggression, focus on job in hand
Enjoy praise
Coach may praise you for not being aggressive
Avoid aggressive situations
Completely remove yourself from situations
E.g. asked to be subbed off, time to calm down
Punishment
Fines can be implemented
Can deter people from being aggressive
Breathing exercises
Lower heart rate, calming you
Relaxes mind and body, deep, controlled breathing
Anger management
Learn to deal with it, don't let anger control you
Identify what triggers your anger
Recognise role models
Most successful players are calm and do not resort to aggression, but are assertive