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Grade 9 Unit 3 Electricity and Magnetism (Electric Charge and Static…
Grade 9 Unit 3 Electricity and Magnetism
Electric Charge and Static Electricity
What affects the electric force between two objects?
Charge
Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract each other.
Distance
The closer together the charged objects are, the greater the electric force is.
How can an object become charged?
By friction
Rubbing a balloon on your hair moves electrons from your hair to the balloon.
By contact
If a charged object and uncharged object touch each other, the charged object can transfer some of its charge to the area it touches.
By induction
Charges can be arranged within a object without touching it.
What materials affects the flow of charges?
Conductors
Copper is a metal that is used to make wires because it is an excellent electrical conductor.
Insulators
Plastic is often used to coat wires because electric charge cannot move through the plastic easily.
Semiconductors
It is used to make computer chips found in electronic devices.
Electric Current
What are the two kinds of current?
Direct current (DC)
Charges move in one direction in DC
.
Alternating current (AC)
Charges repeatedly change direction in AC
What affects electric current?
Voltage
Voltage can measure the electric potential energy per unit charge.
Resistance
Higher resistance at the same voltage results in lower current.
What affects electrical resistance?
Composition
Thickness
Temperature
Electric circuit
What are the parts of an electric circuit?
Load
Conducting wires connect all the parts of an electric circuit.
Energy source
An energy source converts some type of energy, such as chemical energy, into electrical energy.
Electric conductor
Examples of load includes light bulbs, radios, computers, and electric motors.
How do series circuits and parallel circuits differ?
In series circuits, charges follow a single path.
In parallel circuit, charges follow multiple path.