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Effects of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolution (Agricultural…
Effects of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolution
Agricultural revolution
Challenges
overpopulation; competition for food and space in the city
the necessary conditions needed for efficient farming, such as; adequate farm buildings, access of roads, drainage of wetlands, transport facilities for marketing, and sources of finance for farmers
Improvements
in the 1730s, Charles Townshend, a British statesman, discovered that by growing different types of crops in the fields year after year, British farmers did not have to leave a field for a growing season. By doing so, a farmer could grow food in a field every year without diminishing the ability of the soil.
New patterns of crop rotation livestock utilization made for better crop yields
made a greater diversity in vegetables and wheats, which supported more livestock and increased farmland
started the Enclosure Acts where wealthy people could purchase public fields and caused a migration of new workers into Europe
Industrial Revolution
Improvements
Machines were invented which replaced human labor (faster methods of production)
New energy sources were developed to power new machinery - water, steam, electricity, and oil
Increased use of metals and minerals (aluminum, coal, copper, iron) vast coal reserves powered steam engines
Iron – basic building block of large machines,
railroad tracks, trains, and ships
Transportation improves (wooden ships->iron ships-->steel ships) trains, automobiles
Communication improved (telegraph, telephone, radio)
Rural-to-urban migration (people left from farms to work in cities)
Mass production of goods (increase in number of goods, increased diversity of goods increased)
Increased geographic knowledge (increased trade and commerce)
enlightened people of ne mechanics and technology
By 1800, steam engines were replacing water wheels as sources of power for factories
increase in wealth and people had healthier diets as well as better health and education
Challenges
Many machines in the factory posed a threat to citizens because they were dangerous and even more deadly in at mines
Owners had complete control over the lives of the workers and the workers had to work long hours
Women were paid less and child labor started because many parents could not support their children