Motivation theories
McGregor’s Theory X&Theory Y
Maslow‛s Hierachy of Needs
Theory X
Theory Y
These managers believe that workers:
Avoid responsibility
Have no initiative
Need to be pushed
Respond to threats
Lazy
These managers believe that workers:
Will work on their own
Seek responsibility
keen
Seek to show initiative
Respond to rewards
He developed two extremes of managers:
Herzberg‛s Two Factor Theory
Mayo‛s Human Relations School
Motivators
Hygiene Factors
E.g,Chance of Promotion Recognition
Eg: Pay
Conditions
Herzberg’s ideas are linked to job enrichment
Improvements in pay etc will not in themselves motivate workers
Decrease employees’ job satisfaction
Make people want to perform at a high level
Using the hierarchy,
people are motivated for items in each level
Safety Needs
Social Needs
Self-Esteem
Self Realisation
Physiological Needs
Once a level is achieved, people are motivated by the next
Taylor’s Scientific Management
workers were motivated solely by money
Applying scientific principles to management reduce inefficiency
Workers should receive“A fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work”
Pay should be linked to productivity through piece rates
initially believed workers were motivated by:
The skills of workers
Working conditions
Financial incentives
workers are motivated by the way that they interact with each other
working in teams, within which they can make decisions