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Module 6: Evidence Handling Procedures (Types of Evidence (biological…

- - - - "trace evidence is a subtle category of physical evidence that is minute and transient, but measurable"
        
        critical to protect integrity of trace evidence
    - - corroborative evidence
      - circumstantial
  - - - can contain pathogens such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV
        
        wear PPE
        
        avoid eating, applying cosmetics, or any hand-to-face
        
        wear puncture resistant gloves
        
        place sharps in a sharps disposal container
    - - can be obtained from firearm
  - - - possession of controlled substances
      - manufacture of controlled substances
      - cultivation of plants
      - possession of drug paraphernalia
  - - - people
      - objects
      - people and objects
    - - latent fingerprints left on an object
      - fibers left from contact of clothing with objects
      - blood from physical injury
      - semen from sexual assault
      - saliva from spitting, cigarettes, or envelopes
      - hair shed at a scene
      - impressions from tools, footwear, or tire
    - - the frequency of occurrence
        
        the significance of associative evidence also depends on the frequency of occurrence of the measured attribute in the environment.
      - the persistence of the transferred material
        
        Some associative evidence, such as latent prints and biological fluids, can be detected for a considerable time after deposition. Other types of evidence, such as hairs, glass, and fibers, are transferred to the receiving object and are shed over a relatively short period of time.
      - the specificity or degree of identity of the evidence
        
        "a reported DNA profile is therefore a specific description of a persons DNA"
      - the likelihood of alternate explanations
        
        semen resulting from intercourse by consent, in contrast to rape
        
        blood transferred in the course of giving assistance to an injured person
        
        a fingerprint deposited innocently at the location some time prior to the crime
  - - - frequently received from medical examiners during or after autopsies
    - - most often found at incidents involving semiautomatic and full automatic weapons
      - unfired ammunition should be collected, marked, and packaged similar to fired cartridges and shotshells
- - - - booby traps
      - risk of fire or explosion from unsafe apparatus at clandestine drug labs
      - exposure to biological hazards
      - physical and environmental hazards
  - - - notes
        
        written
        
        audio
      - sketches and/or diagrams
      - photography
        
        still
        
        video
  - - - unique identifier
      - item description
      - identity of the person who collected the item
      - time and date of collection
      - location where item was found
- - - - examination results may indicate further examination and analyses
      - results may indicate additional requested examinations are unnecessary
      - some evidence can be examined only after the arrival of additional evidence items
    - - lab file/case/submission number
      - date evidence received
      - submitting agency
      - evidence listing and tracking data
      - bar coding
      - date of report(s)
    - - types and numbers of current cases
      - number and type of examinations completed
      - cases not meeting agency guidelines by unit or by examiner