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BODY SYSTEMS (Muscular (Care-Eat protein after a workout with simple carbs…
BODY SYSTEMS
Muscular
Lats-extension, adduction, the transverse extension also known as horizontal abduction, flexion from an extended position, and (medial) internal rotation of the shoulder joint.
Deltoid-Contraction of the anterior fibers flexes and medially rotates the arm by pulling the humerus towards the clavicle. Abduction of the arm results in the arm moving away from the body, as in reaching out to the side.
Achilles Tendon- It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone.
Obliques- not only help rotate the trunk, but they perform a few other vital functions.
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Care-Eat protein after a workout with simple carbs. Aerobic, anaerobic system.
Problems/Disorders
Muscular Dystrophy- a hereditary disease that slowly destroys muscle tissue. Gradually lose control over muscles until death.
Strain- a tear in the muscle or tendon. RICE- rest, ice, compression, elevation.
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Functions-Movement, help you breathe, aid in the digestion of food.
Connection- The muscular system works with the skeletal system to support the body and also mobilize the body. Muscles connect to bones with tendons and that allows the bones to support the muscles and allow the muscles to move the bones
Cardiovascular System
Functions: The cardiovascular system provides nutrients and oxygen, carries away, and helps fight off disease.
Care
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Exercise a minimum of 30 minutes a day, most days of the week.
Maintain a healthy, low-fat, low-cholesterol diet with more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Avoid trans fats and saturated fats, which are often found in processed foods and fast food.
Structures
Blood- Blood is a combination of plasma and cells that circulate through the body supplies essential substances to the body, such as sugars, oxygen, and hormones.
Plasma-The primary purpose of plasma is to transport nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it
Veins are responsible for returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart after arteries carry blood out.
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The Heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.
Problems/Disorders
Congenital Heart defects- present at birth, faulty valves, septal defects, narrow aorta.
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Connection-This system works in conjunction with the respiratory system. The respiratory system oxygenates the blood that the cardiovascular system distributes to the body.
Respiratory
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Structures
Trachea is an integral part of the body's airway and has the vital function of providing air flow to and from the lungs for respiration
The epiglottis is a flap that covers the trachea when swallowing food and water. This prevents food going into the lungs
Once air is inhaled, it passes through the bronchial tubes, which are in the lungs. These tubes let air in and out of your lungs, so you can breathe.
The main function of the lungs is the process of gas exchange called respiration (or breathing). In respiration, oxygen from incoming air enters the blood, and carbon dioxide, a waste gas from the metabolism, leaves the blood
Alveoli are tiny sacs within the lungs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream.
Problems/Disorders
Bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco and air pollution
Emphysema- a disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli which is almost always caused by smoking.
Asthma- an inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles become narrowed causing difficulty in breathing.
Care- The most important thing is not to smoke. Also avoid harmful environmental factors such as smoke, dust, and chemicals. exercise regularly, aerobically.
Connection: This system has a very specific connection to the muscular system. The diaphragm, a smooth muscle helps the lungs expand retract, allowing the lungs to get air in the lungs
Digestive System
Function: Digest food, absorb nutrients, climate wastes
Structures
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The 4 major functions of the large intestine are recovery of water and electrolytes, formation and storage of faeces and fermentation of some of the indigestible food matter by bacteria.
Problems/ Disorders
Gallstones- cholesterol in bile crystallizes and blocks the bile duct between the small intestine and gallbladder creating pain in the upper portion of the abdomen, nausea, fever, and vomiting
-appendicitis- inflammation of the appendix, which becomes swollen and infected do to the build of and blockage of feces or bacteria.
Heartburn is a common problem created by acid reflux, a condition where some of the stomach contents are forced back up into the esophagus. It creates a burning pain in the lower chest
Care- Drink two liters of water a day, eat fibrous foods like bananas, apples, dark leafy greens,
Connection: The digestive system works with the excretory system. The liquid waste left over from digestion goes into the kidney and the kidney filters it out and excretes it.
Endocrine: Regulates body functions and maintains equilibrium using glands that excrete hormones or chemicals
Structures
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Pancreas: Secretes insulin, which controls blood sugar.
Problems/Disorders
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Graves Disease: also called hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, It is a disorder in which an overactive and enlarged thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine
Cushing's syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your body makes too much of the hormone cortisol over a long period of time. Cortisol is sometimes called the “stress hormone” because it helps your body respond to stress.
Care: Stay active, and eat healthy. I know its pretty vague. Get Iodine I guess. Get checkups at the doctors office.
Connection: This system connects with the nervous system because you personally have no control over your glands, and the nervous system controls the glands involuntarily.
Excretory system
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Structures
The kidney's function is to help the body pass waste as urine. They also help filter blood before sending it back to the heart
The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled.
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A nephron is used separate to water, ions and small molecules from the blood, filter out wastes and toxins, and return needed molecules to the blood.
Problems/Disorders
Cystitis- and inflammation of the bladder most often caused by a bacterial infection. More common in females.
Kidney stones- when salts in the urine crystallize into a solid stone which may become stuck in the ureters or urethra.
Kidney failure: an acute or chronic condition that causes the kidneys to lose the ability to function therefore the body is unable to filter toxins out of the body.
Skeletal
functions- support, protection, movement, mineral storage, production of blood cells
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Connection: The Skeletal system helps support the muscular system by giving the muscular system a structure to connect to. This allows the muscular system to move the body.
care: Calcium Phosphorous, aerobic, anaerobic, protective equipment
Nervous
Functions- (CNS)controls behavior, send and receive messages like pain, pleasure, emotions, etc.
(PNS) controls all 5 senses and responds to the world around you
Care-Folate-vitamin, wear a helmet and protect the brain.
Seatbelt to protect the spinal column, no drugs.
The brain controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms and legs, and the function of many organs within our body.
The spinal cord carries out two main functions: It connects a large part of the peripheral nervous system to the brain, and it sends signals to the brain. It is where all the nerves meet up
A nerve is the primary structure of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that encloses the axons of peripheral neurons. A nerve provides a structured pathway that supports neuron function.
The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. ... An axon, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.
Disease/Disorders-
Parkinson’s disease- a degenerative disease that progressively destroys nerve cells in the area of the brain that controls skeletal muscles.
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Alzheimer’s Disease-destroys neurons which are crucial in transmitting impulses. NO known cause/cure.
Connection- This system helps control all of the other systems. It sends signals to the brain which sends signals out to muscles or the other vital organs to do their work. For example, this system links with the hormonal system, telling the glands and organs to release chemicals that tell the body to grow or produce insulin.