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Transport Processes (Short Distance Intercellular Transport (Guard cells #…

- - - - K+ actively transported into cells
    - - Cells shrink
      - Have little internal pressure
  - - - Adjust water potential & turgidity
  - - - More molecular pumps are held
    - - In or out of phloem
  - - - Water
      - Sugars
      - Hormones
- - - - Move from high concentration to low
  - - - Freely permeable
        
        Allows all solutes
      - Completely impermeable
        
        Does not allow anything
      - Differentially or selectively permeable #
        
        Allows only certain substances
    - - Protein channels
        
        Used for water moviement
  - - - Forces molecules across membranes
    - - Which allows it across the membrane
- - - - Under pressure
      - Elevated
      - Heat
    - - Cooled
      - Reducing pressure
      - Lowering it
  - - - Free energy of water
    - - Effects pressure has on water potential
    - - Effects solutes have on water potential
    - - Adhesion only decreases water potential
      - Always negative
- - - - Transported by phloem per hour
        
        Known as mass transfer
        
        Divided for easier comparison
        
        Known as specific mass transfer
    - - Only in some species
      - in other species, phloem is loaded
        
        This is called polymer trap mechanism
        
        Plasma membranes are permeable
        
        To monosaccharide & disaccharides
        
        But not to polysaccharides
  - - - P-protein
        
        Phloem sap carries it to the break
        
        Becomes a tangled mass
        
        Present in all eudicots
      - P-protein plug
        
        Tangled mass of P-proteins
        
        Callose also contributes to the plug
- - - - Liquid water
      - Interacting strongly w/ other water molecules
    - - Molecules also interact w/ other substances
  - - - Unavoidably allow water loss
        
        Water loss is called transstomatal transpiration
    - - Transcuticular transpiration
    - - Creating tension on tracheary elements #
        
        Consequently pressure potential is negative
        
        Tension can increase
        
        Causing cohesion to be overcome
        
        Hydrogen bonding is then broken
        
        Breaking is called cavitation
        
        Can form an embolism
  - - - Transpiration represents potential lethal threat
        
        This is due to desiccation
    - - Transstomatal transpiration is more significant
    - - Water loss is advantageous
      - Prevents heat stress in leaves
      - Moves minerals upward from roots