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Holderness erosion problems (Human Actions (Central government agencies:…
Holderness erosion problems
Geology
Most of the holderness coast consists of biulder clay. Its structurally weak and has little resistane to erosion.
The chalk band thats surrounds the boulder clay has created a headland at Flamboriugh Head. Erosion along fault lines and bedding planes has created features such as cliffs.
Fetch
Low pressure weather systems and winter torms are often intense, producing stong winds and rain. Low pressure air weight less as well, which caues a rise in sea levels and higher tide.
Small, almost-enclosed seas often generate huge waves.
Longshore drift and beach material
The boulder clay erodes to produce mainly clay particles, which are fine and easily transported out to sea in suspension, rather than building up on shore.
There is not much sand to stop the wave reaching the cliff face at high tide.
The tides flow southwrds, trnaaporting sand south by longshore drift and leaving th cliffs at holdrness poorly protected against wave attack.
Chemical weathering
Relativeineffecitveat hilderness except on the chalk of Flamborough head. Mechanical and biological weathering are more significat. Freeze-thaw and the alternate wetting and drying of th boulder clay, which makes it crumbly during dry periods
Slumping
The main form of mass movement affecting the bounder clay. The alternate wetting and drying cuases expansion and shrinkage. Rain then percolates into the cliff, whih becomes lubricated and much heavier. The liff cannot support the etra eight, and the clay slides downslope under gravity
Human Actions
Central government agencies: The environment agency responible for coastal management
Local government: The local authorities are jointly responsible for coastal management. Its budget from centeal government has been cut since 2010
Stakeholders in the local economy: The tourist industry,farmers, residents and insurance companies refuse to provide insurance to vulnerable properties
Environmenral stakeholders: English nature and RSPB want to protect Spurn Head so a continious flow of sand southwards is essential. One of the most important assets of the spit is the protection that it gives the Humber Estuary mudflats.
Losess
Holden Sands Holiday Park has lost over 100 chalets ot the sea in 15 years.
It is predicted that 200 homes and sevrwral roades will fall into the sea by 2100
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