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WORLD WAR I (ENDING THE WAR (CASUALTIES (Of the 60 million who fought…
WORLD WAR I
ENDING THE WAR
CASUALTIES
- Of the 60 million who fought during the war, over 9 million were killed.
- The armies of the Central Powers mobilised 25 million soldiers and 3.5 million of them died. The Entente Powers deployed 40 million soldiers and lost more than 5 million.
- The mortality rate ranged between 6% and 30%, with the highest in the armies of Serbia, Montenegro and the Turkish Empire, mainly due to large epidemics of cholera, typhoid and smallpox, against which the armies of other countries vaccinated their troops.
- The Austro-Hungarian army mobilised around 8 million soldiers, of whom 1,016,000 (12.7%) died, 1,691,000 were missing (21.1%), while 437,000 officers and soldiers were taken captive by the Italians as prisoners of war
SURRENDER
- The Central Powers surrendered as they were running out of food resources and had not many soldiers.
WILSON"S 14 POINTS
- These points were given by president Wilson in order to justify the reasons as why they were fighting WW1
- The statements were the principles of peace that was used for peace negotiations in order to end the war.
TREATIES
VERSAILLE
- Peaccemakers summoned representatives of the new German Republic to the palace of Versaille outsde Paris.
- Germans were forced to sign the treaty drawn up by Allies.
- Germnay was forced to assume full responsability of the reparations of the war.
SAINT-GERMAIN- LAYE
- This treaty dissolved the Austria- Hungarian Empire. Czechoslovakia was created from the old Austria-Hungarian land.
- Austria was forbidden to united with Hungary and Austria.
THE TWO FRONTS
EAST
- War was fought the old-fashion way( combat in open spaces) with the machine gun.
- Tanks were not used in the Russian front
- Germans defeated the Russian army so bad that no invasion against Germany was attempted.
WEST
- There was a new strategy called the Trench Warfare.
- The tank helped to cross the trenches more safely.
- Trench Warfare was where the soldiers would dig up holes in the ground along the border and crawled out to shoot.
CAUSES
LONG TERM
MILITARISM
- In 1889, Germany had an army of over 1.3 million people, and in 1914 it already had an army of 50 million people.
- Naval Race between Britain and Germany that lasted from 1906 to 1913.
- Romanian kingdom had an army of 500,000 people.
ALLIANCES
- The Great Powers of Europe were split into two teams, The Triple Alliance and The Triple Entente.
- Otto Van Bismarck intiated an alliance with Russia without advising the major ally, Austria Hungary.
NATIONALISM
- Nationalism caused a big competition between the Great Powers of Europe for industrial dominance and power.
- Congress of Vienna seemed to weaken due to the strong Nationalism Napoleon had created through his reforms.
IMPERIALISM
- Colonies provided most of the raw materials that supported Europe.
- Britain, France and Russia all wanted to create a colonial empire.
- Imperialism often led to frequent quarrels among the Great Powers in all parts of the world.
SHORT TERM
ASSASINATION
- Ardchduke Franz Fernindand was killed by a Serbian Nationalist group that was fighting against Austria- Hungary's rule over Bosnia.
- Once he was killed, the war broke out and alliances began to form.
- The assasination led to Austria- Hungary to delcare war on Serbia.
HOMEFRONT
PROPAGANDA
- Propaganda created a community as they were requested to support the war effort and defend the Home Front against Germany and the Great Powers.
WOMEN
- Women were employed by the U.S government in order to take over jobs who were previously done by men.
- Women would join the military, worked in defense plants,drove streetcars,worked on farms and performed other roles as well.