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Ecosystem -contains all the nonliving and living parts of the environment…
Ecosystem
-contains all the nonliving and living parts of the environment in a given area
Types of Factors
Biotic Factors
Living or once-living parts of an ecosystem
Ex: Living organisms, wastes produced by living organisms and the decayed remains of dead organisms
Abiotic Factors
Nonliving parts of an Ecosystem
Ex: Sunlight, water, soil and air
Habitat
-is the place within an ecosystem that provides the biotic and abiotic factors an organism need to survive and reproduce.
Ex:
For dragonflies includes plants that grow in shallow water. The plant leaves provide a place for adult dragonflies to lay eggs The underwater stems and leaves provide shelter for young dragonflies
Populations
-is all the organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time.
The number of individuals in a population is always changing
Populations increase when offspring are produced or when new individuals move into a community
Populations decrease when individuals die or move away
Changes in the abiotic factors of an ecosystem affects population size
If a drought reduces plant growth, less food is available for plant eaters, which can lead to a decrease in plant eater populations
Communities
-is all the populations living in an ecosystem at the same time
Niche
-is the way a species interacts with abiotic and biotic factors to obtain food, find shelter and fulfill other needs
.
Predator is an organism that hunts and kills other organisms for food
Prey is an organism caught and eaten by a predator
Predation It is the act of predator feeding on its prey
Symbiosis
-is a close, long-term relationship between two species that usually involves an exchange of food or energy
Types:
Commensalism
-is type of symbiosis where one species benefit from the relationship and the other species is neither harmed nor benefited
Mutualism
-is type of symbiosis where both species benefit from the relationship
Parasitism
-is type of symbiosis where one species (parasite) benefits and the other species (host) is harmed
Competition
-describes interactions between two or more organisms that need the same resource at the same time
Population density
-is the size of a population compared to the amount of space available
A high population density means individuals live closer together
This increases the competition and make it easier for diseases to be transmitted from one individual to another
Carrying capacity
-is the largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time.
A habitat’s carrying capacity depends on its abiotic and biotic factors
Changes in an ecosystem can increase or decrease its carrying capacity for a particular species
Drought, flood or the arrival of a competing species can reduce carrying capacity
Good growing conditions or the disappearance of a competing species can increase carrying capacity
Over-populated
When a population exceeded its carrying capacity the area
Extinction
-When all members of a population die or move away from an area, that population
-If all populations of a species disappears from Earth , the entire species
Extinction of one population can affect other populations
Nouf Al-Gholaikah
8-A