18.1
Ecosystems
contains all the nonliving and living parts of the environment in a given area
Example on Ecosystem :
- The Garden
Abiotic factors
are the Nonliving parts of an Ecosystem
They include :
Sunlight, water, soil and air
Habitats
is the place within an ecosystem that provides the biotic and abiotic factors an organism need to survive and reproduce.
Biotic factors
are The living or once-living parts of an ecosystem
They include :
Living organisms, wastes produced by living organisms and the decayed remains of dead organisms
example of habitat :A habitat for dragonflies includes plants that grow in shallow water.
Populations
is all the organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time
Communities
It is all the populations living in an ecosystem at the same time
Niche
It is the way a species interacts with abiotic and biotic factors to obtain food, find shelter and fulfill other needs
Predation
Prey
Predator
Predation
is an organism that hunts and kills other organisms for food
is an organism caught and eaten by a predator
It is the act of predator feeding on its prey
Symbiosis
is a close, long-term relationship between two species that usually involves an exchange of food or energy
2- Commensalism
3- Parasitism
1- Mutualism
both species benefit
one species benefit other species
is neither harmed nor benefited
one species
( the parasite ) benefits other species
( the host ) is harmed
Competition
describes interactions between two or more organisms that need the same resource at the same time
Carrying Capacity & Overpopulation
Carrying capacity: it is the largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time.
If a population exceeded its carrying capacity the area will become
over-populated