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arm (fractures (which can be identified by, closed fracture, open fracture…

- - - - radius
      - humerus
      - carpals
      - scapula
      - metacarpals
      - clavicle
      - ulnar
      - phalanges
        
        intermediate
        
        proximal
        
        distal
- - - - demyelinated axon
  - - - axon cut and intact neural tube
  - - - cut in the whole nerve (axon and neural tube)
- - - - mesenchymal cells will directly change to bone
  - - - mesenchymal cells will turn into cartilage then bones
- - - - body
        
        the main mass of a bone
      - capitilum
        
        small rounded articular head
      - condyle
        
        rounded knuckle like articular are often occurs in pairs
      - crest
        
        ridge of bone
      - epicondyle
        
        eminence superior or adjacent to a condyle
      - facet
        
        smooth flat area usually covered with cartilage
      - fissure
        
        long crack line hole for blood vessels and nerves
      - groove
        
        elongated depression or furrow
      - fossa
        
        hollow or depressed area
      - foramen
        
        passage through a bone
      - margin
        
        edge of a flat bone
      - notch
        
        a V like depression in the margin or edge of flat area
      - process
        
        a raised area or projection
      - sinus
        
        cavity within a bone
      - spine
        
        similar to a crest but raised higher, a sharp pointed slender projection
      - trochlea
        
        spool like articular process (act as a pulley)
      - tubercle
        
        small raised eminence (sharp)
      - tuberosity
        
        large rounded elevation (smooth)
    - - short bones
        
        carpals, tarsals
      - irregular bones
        
        vertebrae, hyoid
      - long bones
        
        clavicle, humerus, femur, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
      - flat bones
        
        skull, rib cage, sternum, hip bone
      - sesamoid bones
        
        patellae of the knee
      - pneumatic bones
        
        some facial bones
  - - - trabeculae
        
        seperated by spaces
        
        filled with red bone marrow
        
        mainly in epiphysis of long bones
        
        cancellous bone
        
        osteoblast
        
        osteocytes in lacunae
        
        octeoprogenitor cells
        
        osteoclast
        
        lamellae
        
        canaliculae
    - - solid mass
        
        no spaces
        
        covers all the bones surfaces
        
        present in diaphysis of long bones
        
        in the diaphysis there is medullary cavity which contain yellow bone marrow
        
        osteocytes in lacunae
        
        osteoclast
        
        osteoblast
        
        haversian system
        
        osteoprogenitor cells
        
        haversian canal
        
        volkmanns cannal
        
        lamellae
        
        canaliculae
        
        osteon