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Blood & Circulation (Heart structure (Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)…
Blood & Circulation
Cardiac Cycle
4. The ventricles continue contracting, increasing the pressure, and forcing open the semilunar valves, sending blood through the aorta and pulmonary artery
2. The walls of the atria contract, increasing pressure and forcing blood into the ventricles, and through the bicuspid an tricuspid valves
5. As the ventricles empty, the pressure in the aorta and pulmonary artery increases, closing the valves in the blood vessels and repeating the cycle
1. Blood enters the atria, but cannot pass into the ventricles as the bicuspid and tricuspid valves are closed
3. Once full, the walls of the ventricles contract, increasing pressure and closing the bicuspid and tricuspid valves again, blood cannot return to the atria
Heart structure
The walls of the atria are thin. They can stretch to receive blood, but can also contract with enough force to push blood into the ventricles
The walls of the heart are made of cardiac muscle which can contract and relax without being fatigued
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The cardiac muscle has its own circulation, the coronary circulation. Blood reaches the muscle via the coronary arteries, supplying it with oxygen and nutrients. Blood is returned to the right atrium, via the coronary veins
Divided into a left and right side by a muscle wall called the septum. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, and the left ventricle to the rest of the body, requiring much more pressure, meaning the left side has a thicker muscle wall
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Blood Vessels
Veins
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3 layers in wall, muscle layer, endothelium and stretchy elastic tissue
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Capillaries
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1 layer in wall, endothelial cell layer
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Arteries
3 layers in wall, muscle layer, endothelium and stretchy elastic tissue
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