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Chapter 24 Lecture 2 (Bacterial Vaginosis (Signs and symptoms (White…

- - - - Sudden-onset fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure, confusion, and severe red rash
      - Individuals go into shock if untreated
      - Untreated TSS is fatal
    - - Caused by some strains of S. aureus
      - Remember that Staph is normally part of the skin and mucous membrane biome
        
        These strains produce toxic shock syndrome toxin
        
        Strains of S. aureus that cause TSS make certain exotoxins called TSST
  - - - Absorption of toxin TSST into blood triggers toxic shock syndrome
      - Most cases occur in menstruating females who are using super absorbent tampons
      - Doctors found that S aureus grows exceeding well on super absorbent tampons, especially when blood soaked tampons, especially for a prolonged period.
    - - Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms
      - It can occur in males too
      - Considered medical emergency (incubation period is 2-3 days)
      - Requires removal of foreign material (tampon, sponge, and drainage of infected area) and antimicrobial drugs. Supportive care IV fluid, dialysis, and medication
      - Avoiding tampons or using less absorbent tampons reduces risk (which in 1980, the FDA ordered certain tampons off the market, in 1982 there was a reduction in the absorbency and then mandated educational material on packaging).
- - - - Severe vaginal itching and burning and will intensify with urination, relations can be painful and you can pass this on to a partner
      - White plaques on the affected tissue
    - - Most commonly caused by Candida albicans
        
        Normal microbiota of skin and mucous membranes
    - - Candida overgrows if vaginal pH becomes alkaline or normal microbial populations are reduced
      - Can become systemic in immunocompromised people
    - - Identification of Candida and presence of symptoms are diagnostic
      - Treated with azole or fluconazole
      - Prevent by avoiding persistent moisture in genital area