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Macromolecules (Carbohydrates (Types (Polysaccharides(polymer) 100-1000…

- - - - Sucroe : Glucose-((glycosidic linkage covalent bond))-Fructose
    - - Structural
        (building materials)
        
        Cellulose
        
        Forms micr-fibrils and cell wall , beta glucose , only some bacteria and protozoa can digest it
        
        Chitin
        
        Cuticle in insects , glucose molecules with N atom at one end , used to manufacture the surgical threads
      - Storage
        (provide sugar when hydrolyzed)
        
        Starch
        
        Source is plants , found within plastids , alpha glucose (potatoes,grains)
        
        Glycogen
        
        Source is animals , found liver and muscle cell , glucose molecules
    - - Location of C=O
        
        at the end of Carbon chain
        
        Aldoses(Glucose,Galactose)
        
        within the Carbon chain
        
        Ketoses(Fructose)
      - Number of Carbon
        
        Pentose:5C (Ribose)
        
        Hexose:6C (Glucose,Galactose,Fructose)
        
        Triose:3C (Glyceraldehyde)
- - - - Components of Amino Acid
        
        Carboxyl Group
        
        Amino Group
        
        Side Chain(R group)
        
        Hydrophilic
        
        polar
        
        Ionozed
        
        charged at cellular pH 7 (base or acid)
        
        Hydrophobic
        
        non polar
- - - - AMPHIPATHIC: has both hydrophobic(fatty acid tails) and hydrophilic(glycerol and negatively charged phosphate group) regions
    - - Hydrophobis molecules (ex:sex hormones)
    - - Saturated
        
        There is no double bond between the carbons. All Carbn are linked with Hydrogen , solid at room temp./include most animal fats , To convert it to unsaturated = remove hydrogen
      - Unsaturated
        
        There is one or more double bonds between carbons in their fatty acids allows for “kinks” in the tails , liquid at room temp./include most plant fats , To convert it to saturated = Hydrogenation
      - Three fatty acid -((ester linkage))-One glycerol=Triglycerol
    - - Hydrophobic hormones used for waterproofing