Chapter 24 Lecture 2
Streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis
some antibody-antigen complexes against group A strep strains are not removed from the body
complexes are deposited in glomeruli of kidneys
inflammation of glomeruli and nephrons
obstruct blood flow through kidneys which leads to
hypertension and low urine output
urine will contain blood and protein
irreversible kidney damage can occur in adults while young patients may recover fully
Nonvenereal diseases
TSS
US endemic in 1980s
s/s
sudden onset of fever
chills
vomiting
diarrhea
low blood pressure
confusion
severe red rash
individuals will go into shock if left untreated
untreated TSS is fatal
pathogen and virulence factors
caused by some strains of s. aureus
Pathogenesis and epidemiology
absorption of TSST into blood triggers toxic shock syndrome
most cases in menstruating females using super absorbent tampons
Dx, Tx, Prevention
diagnose based on s/s
can occur in males too
consider medical emergency (Incubation period 2-3 days)
requires removal of foreign material and antimicro drugs
Bacterial Vaginosis
bacteria can contaminate the warm, moist vaginal lining
s/s
white vaginal discharge
fishy odor
some itching and irritation
up to 50% of cases report no symptoms
Pathogens
normal bacteria replaced with large number of anaerobic bacteria (gardnerella vaginalis)
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
pH in vagina higher than 4.5
associated with multiple sexual partners and douching
Vaginal Candidiasis
any variety of opportunistic yeast infections
normally lives in GI tract and vagina
S/S
severe vaginal itching and burning
will intensify with urination
relations can be painful
Pathogen
candida albicans
normal microbiota of skin and mucous membranes
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
candida overgrows if vaginal pH becomes alkaline
can become systemic in immune compromised patients
Dx, Tx, Prevention
presence of symptoms are diagnostic
Tx with azoleor flucanazole
prevent by avoiding persistent moisture in genitals