Chapter 24 Lecture 2

Streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis

some antibody-antigen complexes against group A strep strains are not removed from the body

complexes are deposited in glomeruli of kidneys

inflammation of glomeruli and nephrons

obstruct blood flow through kidneys which leads to

hypertension and low urine output

urine will contain blood and protein

irreversible kidney damage can occur in adults while young patients may recover fully

Nonvenereal diseases

TSS

US endemic in 1980s

s/s

sudden onset of fever

chills

vomiting

diarrhea

low blood pressure

confusion

severe red rash

individuals will go into shock if left untreated

untreated TSS is fatal

pathogen and virulence factors

caused by some strains of s. aureus

Pathogenesis and epidemiology

absorption of TSST into blood triggers toxic shock syndrome

most cases in menstruating females using super absorbent tampons

Dx, Tx, Prevention

diagnose based on s/s

can occur in males too

consider medical emergency (Incubation period 2-3 days)

requires removal of foreign material and antimicro drugs

Bacterial Vaginosis

bacteria can contaminate the warm, moist vaginal lining

s/s

white vaginal discharge

fishy odor

some itching and irritation

up to 50% of cases report no symptoms

Pathogens

normal bacteria replaced with large number of anaerobic bacteria (gardnerella vaginalis)

Pathogenesis and Epidemiology

pH in vagina higher than 4.5

associated with multiple sexual partners and douching

Vaginal Candidiasis

any variety of opportunistic yeast infections

normally lives in GI tract and vagina

S/S

severe vaginal itching and burning

will intensify with urination

relations can be painful

Pathogen

candida albicans

normal microbiota of skin and mucous membranes

Pathogenesis and Epidemiology

candida overgrows if vaginal pH becomes alkaline

can become systemic in immune compromised patients

Dx, Tx, Prevention

presence of symptoms are diagnostic

Tx with azoleor flucanazole

prevent by avoiding persistent moisture in genitals