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Urinary and Reproductive Diseases: Lecture 2 (Toxic shock syndrome (s/s:…
Urinary and Reproductive Diseases: Lecture 2
Acute Glomerulonephritis
some antibody-antigen complexes against group A strept. strains are not removed from the body.
complexes deposited in glomeruli of kidneys; causes inflam of glomeruli and nephrons and obstruct blood flow through kidney
irreversible kidney damage
Toxic shock syndrome
s/s: sudden, onset fever, chills, vomit, diarrhea, low BP, confusion, and severe red rash
go into shock and can be fatal if not treated.
Caused by strains of s.aureus
produce TSS toxin and make exotoxins
absorption of the toxin into the blood triggers toxic shock syndrome
most cases are in menstruating females.
pathogen resides well on super absorbent tampons for long periods of time.
dx based on s/s and is considered a medical emergency
treat by removing the foreign material and give supportive care, IV fluids, dialysis, and medication or antimicrobial drugs
Bacterial Vaginosis
bacteria can contaminate the warm moist lining of the vagina.
s/s: white vaginal discharge w/ a "fishy odor", itching and irritation on opening of vagina
caused by normal bacteria of lactobacilli and is replaced with Gardnerella vaginalis
pH in vagina is higher than normal 4.5 and is associated with multiple sex partners and vaginal douching
dx is based on s/s of odor, pH, presence of clue cells
treat with oral/vaginal, metronidazole
no absolute way to prevent but avoid douching and be abstinent
Nonvenereal Disease
vaginal candidiasis
describes any variety of opportunistic yeast infection and diseases caused by candida albicans
involve any mucous membrane
normally live in GI tract and vagina
s/s: severe vaginal itching and burning and will intensify with urination, relations are painful and can pass on to partner, white plaques on affected area
caused by Candida Albicans; on normal microbiota of skin and membranes
candida can overgrow if vaginal pH becomes alkaline or normal microbial populate are reduced
dx by identifying candida and presence of symptoms are diagnostic
Treat with azole or fluconazole
prevent by avoiding persistent moisture in genital area