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Cardiovascular System (Anatomy of the heart (Left & Right atrium: thin…
Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the heart
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Left & Right ventricle: thick, muscular pumping chambers, separated by interatrial or interventricular septum
Atrioventricular (AV) valve: after atria, right = tricuspid; left= bicuspid or mitral
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Cardiac cycle & the ECG:
Heartbeat is regular and rhythmic-each complete beat is called a cardiac cycle; average is about 72 beats per minute
The visible tracing of these electrical signals is called an electrocardiogram, or ECG; ECG has three deflective waves called the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T wave
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Layers of the heart
Tunica (layer) intima: Endothelium (inner lining of blood vessels)
Tunica media: Middle smooth muscle layer; controls (sympathetic nervous system) diameter of blood vessel
Tunica externa: Outermost, fibrous connective tissue
Epicardium: Thin layer of C.T.
Myocardium: Cardiac muscle, the layer that contracts
Endocardium: simple squamous epithelium, continuous with blood vessels