Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

World War I (War Tactics (Hundred Days Campaign (On August 8, 1918 at…

- - - - Regarded by military in 1914 as little more than a novelty
      - Used largely for reconnaissance
        
        Observe troop movement
        
        Spot artillery
        
        Obtain photographs and motion pictures
    - - Airmen sought to destroy railroad centers and industrial targets far behind enemy lines, to destroy Zeppelin bases, and to hunt submarines at sea
        
        Fighters
        
        The flyer became a new kind of warrior. Men went up in rickety planes with few instruments and no parachutes. The fighter pilot was one of the elite, one of the most daring, and his job was one of the most dangerous. What started out as a hazardous adventure developed into a science of killing
        
        Bombers
    - - 25000 Canadians served, and over 800 decorations were awarded to them, including three Victoria Crosses
  - - - British wanted to strangle Germany by naval blockade
      - Germany wanted to cut off Britain's source of food and supply
    - - Most of the fleet was bottled up in the home ports due to Britain's vigilance
        
        Resorted to submarine warfare
        
        Due to threats by the U.S. the Germans couldn't attack a ship without warning. However, in January 1917, the Germans resumed unrestricted aggression, convinced they could starve Britain in five months.
    - - Canada
        
        When the war started, Canada had a naval service of under 350 men and two ships.
        
        HMCS Rainbow
        
        HMCS Niobe
        
        When the war ended, Canada had over 100 war vessels and around 5500 officers and men.
  - - - Habeas Corpus
        
        People under arrest are required to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to ensure the person's release unless they're proven guilty.
      - Widespread censorship
      - Broke strikes
      - Banned newspapers from reporting on their actions
      - Interned enemy aliens
        
        Interned - Verb; Confine (someone) as a prisoner, especially for political or military reasons.
      - Conscription
        
        Thousands of men jailed for desertion
        
        Threatened anyone who incited or participated in labour unrest with conscription
        
        Conscription - Noun; Compulsory enlistment for the armed forces
      - Onus of Proof
        
        Was reversed by the government
        
        Guilty until proven innocent
        
        Innocent until proven guilty
  - - - The Canadian and Allied troops went to the Arras region of France to start the final push against the Germans. Reaching the Drocourt-Quéant Line, one of the most daunting German positions on the front, the 1st and 4th Canadian divisions attacked. With heavy casualties they captured the entire German position.
    - - Germans were driven to retreat
- - - - Lasted from July 31 - November 10 in 1917
      - Ypres salient on the western front in Belgium
      - Also known as the third battle of Ypres
      - German and allied armies had been deadlocked for three years
      - The United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, France, and the German Empire were the participants
        
        The British won
    - - Canadians captured Passchendaele on their third assault
    - - Became a symbol of the senseless slaughter of WWI
    - - 275,000 British
      - 220,000 Germans
      - 15,654 Canadians (over 4,000 killed)
    - - 9 Canadians were awarded the Victoria cross at the Battle of Passchendaele
        
        7 of those recipients survived the battle
    - - Covered in mud and pockets of water deep enough to drown a man
  - - - Canada/UK and the German Empire participated
      - Casualties
        
        Over 10600 Canadians killed/wounded and over 20000 Germans killed/wounded
      - The four divisions of the Canadian corps fought together for the first time
      - Known as Canada's most celebrated military victory
      - Canada's starting point for independence
      - Took place in Vimy, Pas-de-calais
      - Lasted from April 9, 1917 to April 12, 1917
      - France and Britain wanted to break the stalemate on the Western Front
      - With the Russian revolution underway, the allies wanted to finish the war before Russia was forced to withdraw
      - Acted as a diversion to increase the chance of victory for the French at Champagne by pinning down resources
      - Capturing Vimy Ridge would give the Allies an important geographic vantage point, with sweeping views over enemy positions to the east
  - - - The United Kingdom (Canada, India), France (Algeria and Morocco), Belgium, and the German Empire participated
        
        First major battle the Canadians fought in
      - Lasted from April 22 - May 25 in 1915
      - Took place on the Ypres salient on the Western Front, in Belgium, outside the city of Ypres
      - Casualties
        
        59,000 British (including 6,500 Canadians)
        
        22,000 French
        
        35,000 Germans
      - Trenches were in extremely poor condition
  - - - Lasted from July 1 - November 18 in 1916
      - British launched the largest battle of the war
      - ~1.2 million men killed/wounded
        
        Casualties
        
        420,000 British Empire (including 24,000 Canadians and 700 Newfoundlanders)
        
        194,000 French
        
        440,000 Germans
        
        Day 1 had 60000 casualties
      - Took place in the Somme river valley in northern France
      - The British Empire (including Canada and Newfoundland), France, and the German Empire participated
        
        It is unclear whether the assault was a victory or not
    - - The British believed this was enough for them to advance easily, but they severely underestimated the strength of the defences
- - - - The date was significant because it marked the anniversary of the coronation of German Emperor Wilhelm I
  - - - Blamed Germany for starting the war with severe repercussions
        
        Loss of territory
        
        Payments
        
        Dematerialization
    - - Failed to resolve the underlying issues that started the war in the first place
    - - Diplomacy should be public, with no secret treaties
      - Belgium should be restored to independence
      - Alsace-Lorraine should be returned to France and France should be fully liberated
      - Fair and impartial rulings in colonial claims
      - Italy’s frontiers should be drawn along clearly recognizable lines of nationality
      - All countries should reduce arms in the name of public safety
      - People living in Austria-Hungary should be granted self-determination
      - Free trade should exist among all nations, putting an end to economic barriers between countries
      - The Balkan states should also be guaranteed self-determination and independence
      - All nations should enjoy free navigation of the seas
      - Turks and those under Turkish rule should be granted self-determination
      - An independent Poland should be created
      - Restore Russian territories and freedom
      - A general association of nations must be formed to mediate international disputes
- - - - Felt he had a purpose fighting for Germany after years of poverty
    - - More than once he moved away from a spot where moments later a shell exploded killing or wounding everyone
    - - After sightseeing in Berlin, to get away from the apathetic civilians, Hitler asked to go back to the Front and was sent back in March of 1917