English grammar 2

Some / Any

  • In positive sentences
    Ex: 1/There is some bread 2/There are some apples
  • In questions asking for sth or offering sth
    Ex: 1/Do you want some stranberries ? 2/Can I have some bread ?
  • Negative sentences Ex: 1/I do not want any chocolate 2/There are not any strawberries
  • Questions (I don't konw what food he has in his kitchen)
    Ex: Is there any milk in the fridge ?

None

Not one

Before

  • The
  • This ; That (Demonstratives)
  • My ; Your (Possessives)
  • He ; His (Pronouns)

=None of
Ex:None of his friends knew what had happened to him

≠ Neither of = We use neither, not none, when we are talking about two people or things
Ex: Books and television are different. Neither of them should replace the other. = ni l'un ni l'autre

So that / In order to

Comme ça (result)
Ex: I take english classes via skype
so that I can speak more confidently


  • Purpose
  • With a infinitive
  • More common in writing

Ex: We all need stress in order to
archieve and do our best work

Such as

Tel que ; Telle que...

= Like for introducing + more formal

V-ing

Gerunds (suffix ''-ing'' on infinitve verbs)

  • noun Ex: Eating is crucial to stay alive
  • L'antériorité d'une action Ex: Before V-ing, hands must be washed

After some verbs

  • Like
  • Enjoy
  • Start
  • Remenber Ex: I remember thinking ... = Je me souviens avoir pensé

a prepostion between the first and second verb


ex1: I'm interested in learning english
ex2: I thank you for helping me

To + V-ing

Phrasal verb
Ex: I look forward to meeting you
Ex:I will get used to living here

Verbs form with -ing:

  • Seeing

Double consonant V-

One syllable verbs

  • CVC rule
    Ex: Run->running
  • -w and -x no follow this rule
    Ex: Snow -> Snowed

Multisyllable words
- CVC rule + Stressed rule
Ex: Begin ->Beginning /bɪˈgɪn/

Exception

Myself, yourself..etc

Reflexive pronouns
Ex: I hurt myself with a knife.
Tout(es) seul (es)

Intensive pronouns
Ex: The chidreen got dress by themselves
''Emphasize'' ''my own''

Oneself


  • Reflexive pronoun and Intensive pronoun
    Ex: One should wash oneself every morning. ''Se or soi-même''
    Ex: One always has to do these things oneself. ''Emphasize''
  • One (very formalin english) = On

Comparatif / Superlatif

Superlatif

  • One-syllable word = adj -est
  • Multi-syllable word = ''The most'' + adj can also with verbs and noun.
    Ex: They all cried, but calire cried the most
    Ex: Ian earns the most money in our family

Exception

  • Verbs:
    Good -> Better / Best
    Bad -> Worse / Worst
    Litte ->Less / Least
    Far ->Farther / Farthest or Further / Furthest
  • One-syllable adj with ''more'' or ''most''
    ill
    real
    right
    wrong
    fun

Comparatif

  • One-syllable word adj- ''er'' + than ex: Big - Bigger
  • Multi-syllable word ''more'' + ajd + than

Most

  • Pronoun most = la majorité
    Ex: There are several designs and most have sth to do with animals
  • Mostly = mainly
    Ex: I am mostly interested in the history of the house
  • suffix begin by a consonant
    Ex: fit ->fitful
  • Vebs: 'program - 'kidnap - 'worship
  • Verbs end by ''vowel + l ''
    Ex: Travel -> Travelling

Therefore

= par conséquent
Ex: The sea ice is melting, and therefore polar bears are disappearing

  • litte -> less / least = (for amount)
    Ex: I have little money. Certainly less money than him.
    Ex: I have little money, but Jim is the one who has least money out of all of us.

image = l'un de ces ...