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Cardiovascular System (Blood Flow (Blood enters the superior/inferior vena…
Cardiovascular System
Blood Flow
Blood enters the superior/inferior vena cavas into the right atrium
Blood passes by the tricuspid valve and goes into the left ventricle
The blood passes the pulmonary valves and goes into the pulmonary artery
The blood enters the lung and gets oxygen
The blood enters back into the heart through the pulmonary veins and into the left atrium
Blood passes by the bicuspid/mitral valve and goes into the left ventricle
The blood then passes through the semilunar valves and enters the aorta
Blood enters the rest of the body
Major Components
Red Blood Cells
transport oxygen to the organs
White Blood Cells
help body fight infections
Platelets
create blood clots on wounds
Plasma
carbon dioxide
hormones
glucos
minerals
protien
Blood Group
A
B
AB
O
100% genetic but can be effected by enviromental factors
blood contains Oxygen
Disorders
Pericarditis
when the pericardium becomes inflamed
caused by fluid build up in pericardial cavity
Angina Pectoris
blood is not getting to the heart
can indicate myocardial infraction
Murmur
when the heart makes irregular heart beats
caused by valve stenosis
Fibrillation
rapid, irregular contractions of the muscle fibers in the heart
prevents heart from pumping
Varicose Veins
swollen and twisted veins
caused by back flow and pooling of blood
Valve Stenosis
when the valves are not opening all the way
causes murmur
Anatomy of the Heart
Chambers
take in and receive blood
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Valves
prevent back flow and pooling of blood
Atrioventricular Valves
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Semilunar Valves
Pulmonary Semilunar Valves
Aortic Semilunar Valves
Arteries
take blood away from the heart
Aorta
Common Carotid Artery
Subclavian Artery
Axillary Artery
Brachial Artery
Radial Artery
Ulnar Artery
Common Iliac artery
Femoral Artery
Fibular Artery
Anterior Tibial Artery
Veins
bring blood toward the heart
Cephaloc Vein
Basilic Vein
Radial Vein
Ulnar Veins
Brachial Veins
Axillary Veins
Subclavian Veins
Brachiocephalic Vein
Superior Vena Cana
Inferior Vena Cava
Internal/External Jugular Vein
Femoral Vein
Great Saphenous Vein
External/Internal Iliac Vein
Common Iliac Vein
Functions
Give the blood oxygen and nutrients
Deliver the blood to the rest of the body
remove carbon dioxide and waste
Layers of the Heart
Epicardium
most outer later which is a very thin serous layer
Myocardium
middle,muscular layer which is super thick and makes up most of the mass
Endocardium
inner most layer, simple squamos endothelium
Major Arteries and Veins
Arteries
Fibular Artery, Femoral Artery, Ulnar Artery, Radial Artery, Axillary Artery, Subclavian Artery, Aorta, Common Carotid Artery, Brachial Artery, Common Iliac Artery, and Anteriior Tibial Artery
Veins
Femoral Vein,Superior/Inferior Vena Cava, Brachial Vein, Radial Vein, Cephalic Vein, Ulnar vein, Axillary Vein, Subclavian Vein, Brachiocephalic Vein, Internal/Extrernal Vein, Great Sephanous Vein, External/Internal Iliac Vein, and Common Iliac Vein
Structural and Functional Differences
Arteries
Brings blood away from the heart
has a ticker tunica media
high blood pressure
blood pumps the heart
Veins
Brings blood toward the heart
has a thinner tunica media
low blood pressure
contains mini valve
Cardiac Cycle and ECG
ECG - electrocardiography
P Wave: depolarization of the atria
QRS Complex : depolarization of the ventricles
T Wave : repolarization of the ventricles
Cardiac Cycle
Early Diastole
suction mechanism between the atra and ventricular chambers
Mid-to-Late Diastole
ventricular filling - atria and ventricles are completely relaxed
Ventricular Systole
period of contraction of the ventricles between the first and second heart sounds