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Cardiovascular system Diego Lopez-Patzan p.7 (Anatomy of the heart…
Cardiovascular system Diego Lopez-Patzan p.7
Major Functions
blood: providing nutrients and oxygen to the body
heart: pumping blood to the body
protection of illness (WBC)
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
Left Ventricle left posterior muscle pumping
left atrium left posterior side above ven. collecting
right atrium right posterior above ven. collecting
bicuspid : left side between atrium and ven.
right ventricle right posterior side muscle pumping
tricuspid: right side between atrium and ven.
aorta -the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system.
blood vessels: network of tubes
•Capillaries – where gas exchange takes place.
•Veins Venules moves towards the heart
Arteries arterioles move away from the heart
layers of the heart
•Outer layer = parietal pericardium
•Inner layer = visceral pericardium
serous fluid:which allows the heart to beat without friction
•Myocardium: Cardiac muscle, the layer that
contracts
•Epicardium: Thin layer of C.T.
•Endocardium: simple squamous epithelium,
continuous with blood vessels
Blood flow: vena cavea -> r. atrium > tricuspid > r.ventricle >Pulmonary semilunar valve> pulmonary artery -> lung> Pulmonary vein >left atrium> left atrium > aortic semilunar valve> aorta > body > vena cava
major arteries and veins
ascending aorta
aortic arch
brachial artery
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
jugular
structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
Arteries and veins consist of three layers: an outer tunica externa, a middle tunica media, and an inner tunica intima.
capillaries are only one layer and is where gas exchanges
arteries move blood away from the heart while veins move towards
cardiac cycle and ECG
Heartbeat is regular and rhythmic—each
complete beat is called a cardiac cycle
Each cycle, about 0.8 second long, is subdivided
into systole (contraction phase) and diastole (relaxation phase)
The visible tracing of these electrical signals is called
an electrocardiogram or EKG
The normal ECG has three deflections or waves called
the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T wave
Major diseases
myocardial infraction(heart attack): blood flow to the heart is stopped, causes chest pain.
cerebrovascular accident(stroke): blood flow to the brain is stopped, may cause muscle weakness
endocarditis and mitocarditis: inflammation of the heart, chest pain