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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM By: Jennifer De Dios PD: 4 (MAJOR ARTERIES &…
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
By: Jennifer De Dios
PD: 4
FUNCTIONS
TRANSPORT: deliver oxygen to body cells; remove metabolic wastes and send to lungs and kidneys
REGULATION: check body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat; check normal pH with buffers
PROTECTION: prevent blood loss and infection
ANATOMY OF THE HEART
■ Two Atrias: Left and Right
■ Two Ventricles: Left and Right
■ Valves: Bicuspid and Tricuspid
LAYERS OF THE HEART
■ Epicardium: (external layer)
--thin, transparent outer layer of the wall
■ Myocardium: (middle layer)
--cardiac muscle --> bulk of heart (contracts)
■ Endocardium: (inner layer)
--provides protection to the valves and heart chambers
BLOOD FLOW
Superior Vena Cava --> Right Atrium --> Tricuspid Valve --> Right Ventricle --> Pulmonary Valve --> Pulmonary Artery --> Pulmonary Vein --> Left Atrium --> Bicuspid Valve --> Left Ventricle
MAJOR ARTERIES & VEINS
■ Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
-- return deoxygenated blood from circulation in the body and empty into the right atrium
■ Pulmonary Artery
■ Pulmonary Vein
■ Aorta
ARTERIES
■ Fibular Artery
■ Anterior Tibial Artery
■ Femoral Artery
■ Common Iliac Artery
■ Ulnar Artery
■ Brachial Artery
■ Subclavian Artery
■ Brachiocephalic Trunk
■ Thoracic Aorta
■ Ascending Aorta
■ Aortic Arch
■ Abdominal Aorta
■ Common Carotid Artery
■ Axillary Artery
■ Radial Artery
VEINS
■ Basilic Vein
■ Inferior Vena Cava
■ Common Iliac Vein
■ Internal Iliac Vein
■ External Iliac Vein
■ Great Saphenous Vein
■ Femoral Vein
■ External Jugular Vein
■ Internal Jugular Vein
■ Cephalic Vein
DISORDERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
■ Congenital Heart Disease
■ Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)
■ Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
■ Peripheral Artery Disease
■ Endocartitis and Myocarditis
CARDIAC CYCLE & ECG
ATRIA SYSTOLE
■ contract and push blood into the ventricles to facilitate filling. The AV stays open and the semilunar valves stay closed
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
■ contract to push blood to the aorta and the pulmonary trunk --> the pressure of the ventricles force the semilunar valves to open and the AV valves to close
RELAXATION PHASE
■ all 4 chambers of the heart are in diastolic as blood pours into the heart from the veins. The AV valves open to allow blood to flow freely into the ventricles while the semi-lunar valves close from the arteries into the ventricles
INTRINSIC FACTORS
■ intrinsic regulation of the heart rate (HR) includes the myogenic sublevel and the sublevels of cell-to-cell communication, the cardiac nervous system, and humoral factors produced within the heart. Myogenic regulation is considered to be the first sublevel in control of the cardiac function.