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LuvianoLeslieCardiovascular.pdf (Major arteries and veins of the body;…
LuvianoLeslieCardiovascular.pdf
blood flow through the heart and body;
The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood, from the lungs into the left atrium.
Blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve.
Blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs.
When the ventricles are full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricles contract (squeeze).
When the ventricles are full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricles contract.
Blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body. This pattern is repeated, causing blood to flow continuously to the heart, lungs and body.
Blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.
Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium.
Layers of the
heart;
The aortic valve and pulmonary valve, which control blood flow out of the ventricles
The mitral valve and tricuspid valve, which control blood flow from the atria to the ventricles
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
Clinical relation
Anatomy of the heart
The right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs, where it becomes oxygenated.
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral valve to the left ventricle.
The right atrium receives non-oxygenated blood from the body’s largest veins superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve to the aorta and the rest of the body.
The coronary arteries run along the surface of the heart and provide oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
Major functions of the
cardiovascular system;
To protect the body from infection and blood loss
To help the body maintain a constant body temperature
To transport nutrients, gases and waste products around the body
To help maintain fluid balance within the body
Major arteries and veins of the body;
Tunica externa
the left anterior descending
Tunica media.
Tunica intima
the left main coronary
and the left circumflex artery
right coronary artery
vena cava
pulmonary vein
Left brachiocephalic vein
rightbrachiocephalic vein
structural and functional differences
between blood vessel types
Veins. These are blood vessels that take blood back to the heart.
Arteries and arterioles have thicker walls than veins
Capillaries. These small blood vessels connect the arteries and the veins.
Veins. These are blood vessels that take blood back to the heart.
Arteries. They carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of the body's tissues
Cardiac cycle and the ECG;
The P wave is the first wave on the ECG because the action potential for the heart is generated in the sinoatrial
sends action potentials directly through Bachmann’s bundle to depolarize the atrial muscle cells.
The first wave on an ECG is the P wave, indicating atrial depolarization in which the atria contract
Increased or decreased P waves can indicate problems with the potassium ion concentration in the body that will alter nerve activity.
The QRS complex refers to the combination of the Q, R, and S waves, and indicates ventricular depolarization and contraction
The ST segment refers to the gap between the S wave and the T wave, and represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization
The T Wave indicates ventricular repolarization, in which the ventricles relax following depolarization and contraction.
disorders of the
cardiovascular system.
Heart attack.
Aorta disease and Marfan syndrome.
Abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmia
Congenital heart disease.
Heart failure.
Coronary artery disease