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nervous system A+P CH.9 lecture 5 (Hematoma (epidural (between dura mater…
nervous system A+P CH.9 lecture 5
brain stem
covered by cerebrum below.
3 sections
medulla oblongata
continued with spinal cord, responsible for impulses that control heartbeat, respiration, and blood vessels diameter, reflex for coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting
pons
superior to medulla oblongata (breathing)
midbrain
most superior part of brain stem completely covered by cerebrum
reticular system
diffuse network of brain stem neurons responsible for waking up cerebral cortex
anesthesia blocks reticular system causing unconsciousness
brain and spinal cord covered with meninges
meningitis
infection of the meninges, can spread and affect brain and spinal cord through covering
Traumatic Brain Injury
common causes
vehicle accidents
falls
violence
sports injuries
lack of oxygen to brain, strokes, or hemorrhage
types
closed
skull closed
penetrating
skull punctured by object
mild consciousness
brain injury
contusion
swelling or bleeding, sever hemorrhage
stroke
disruption of blood flow to brain, if oxygen is disrupted long brain tissue will die
also cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
major stroke
brain tissue dies from not enough blood flow
symptoms permanent
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
"mini stroke"
stroke like symptoms
Hematoma
pool of blood layers of meninges and skull
epidural
between dura mater and skull
subdural
between dura mater and arachnoid mater
subarachnoid
subarachnoid space
blow to head can rupture tiny blood vessels in skull, causing them to bleed into space
glasgow coma scale
determines head injury (CT, MRI)
patients ability to
open eyes on command
respond verbally to questions
move limbs when asked
internal anatomy of brain
white matter surrounded by grey matter
cortex
layer of grey matter surrounding white
cerebrum
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
cerebellar cortex
nuclei
islands of grey matter deep in brain
basal nuclei
motor coordination system
limbic system
controls emotions, mood, and memory
both sides of central sulcus are 2 gyri
precentral gyrus
anterior to central sulcus
control body movement, has primary motor cortex
postcentral gyrus
posterior to central sulcus
responsible for conscious thought, judgment, reasoning, memory, and willpower
frontal lobe structures
premotor and prefrontal areas
areas that plan movement
broca's area
area of brain that controls movement related to speech