Cardiovascular System Leslie Ayala P.2
Major functions of the Cardiovascular system
Anatomy of the Heart
Layers of the heart
Blood flow through the heart and body
Major arteries and veins of the body
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Cardiac style and the ECG
Blood vessels
Blood
Heart
To transport nutrients, gases and waste products around the body
To protect the body from infection and blood loss
To help the body maintain a constant body temperature
To maintain fluid balance within the body
The heart- Cardiac muscle tissue (4) chambers
Right/Left Ventricle
Right/Left Atria
The heart is covered by a 2 layered sac Called the PERICARDIUM
Inner Layer= Visceral pericardium
Outer Layer= Parietal pericardium (anchors the heart to diaphragm and sternum)
Between the layers is serous fluid Which allows the heart to beat without friction
Heart Wall 3 layers
Epicardium:thin layer of C.T
Myocardium:Cardiac muscle, the layer that contracts
Endocardium: Simple squamous epithelium, continuous with blood vessels
Thin walled collecting chambers
Thick muscular pumping chambers
L&R sides separated by interatrial or interventricular septum
Chordae tendinae
Bicuspid valve
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Left Subclavian artery
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Left common carotid artery
Pulmonary trunk
Apex
Tricuspid valve
Papillary muscle
Trabeculae cameae
Superior Vena Cavae and Inferior Vena Cavae
The right atrium receives oxygen- poor blood from the body and pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen- poor blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral valve to left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps the oxygen rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body
Myocardial Infarction (Heart attack)
Causes or risk factors
Symptoms
Description
Treatment Options
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Treatment Options
Symptoms
Causes or risk factors
Description
Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)
Causes or risk factors
Symptoms
Description
Treatment Options
Endocarditis and Myocarditis
Causes or risk factors
Symptoms
Description
Treatment Options
Congenital Heart Disease
Blood flow to part of the heart blocked
Blood clot, smoking
Chest pain, sweating and Dizziness
Nitroglycerin, Coronary bypass, life style changes
Causes or risk factors
Symptoms
Description
Treatment Options
Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Limbtrauma, smoking, obesity
Leg and armpit pain, Weak impulse and hair loss
Medication, Bypass surgery and life style changes
Issue with heart structure
Aortic Stenusis
May cause death
Surgical intervention, some abnormalities
Blood flow to a portion of the brain interrupted
Diabetes, Age/ race, clogged arteries
Severe headache, memory loss, muscle weakness
life style, thrombolytics, blood thinners
Inflammation of the heart
Recent surgery, heart damage, virus, bacteria or fungal infection
chest pain, fever, Edema
Antibiotics, Reduced activity, Divertics
Veins
4 major arteries
Right coronary artery
Left main coronary
Coronary arteries
The left circumflex artery
The blood vessels that supply blood to your heart
Jugular veins
iliac vein
Basilic vein
Gastric vein
Common iliac artery
Renal veins
Pulmonary Veins
Arteries carry blood away from the heart into two distinct pathways
The pulmonary circuit
The Systemic circuit
In this pathway, oxygen-rich blood is carried away from the heart and toward tissue of the body
In the pulmonary circuit, oxygen- depleted blood is carried away from the heart and into the lungs where it can acquire fresh oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide
femoral vein
cephalic vein
brachial artery
Isovolumic relaxation, Ventricular filling, Atrial contraction, isovolumentric contraction, ventricular contraction, ventricular ejection