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Cardiovascular System Leslie Ayala P.2 (Major functions of the…
Cardiovascular System Leslie Ayala P.2
Major functions of the Cardiovascular system
Blood vessels
Blood
Heart
To transport nutrients, gases and waste products around the body
To protect the body from infection and blood loss
To help the body maintain a constant body temperature
To maintain fluid balance within the body
Anatomy of the Heart
The heart- Cardiac muscle tissue (4) chambers
Right/Left Ventricle
Thin walled collecting chambers
Right/Left Atria
Thick muscular pumping chambers
L&R sides separated by interatrial or interventricular septum
Chordae tendinae
Bicuspid valve
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Left Subclavian artery
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Left common carotid artery
Pulmonary trunk
Apex
Tricuspid valve
Papillary muscle
Trabeculae cameae
Layers of the heart
The heart is covered by a 2 layered sac Called the PERICARDIUM
Inner Layer= Visceral pericardium
Outer Layer= Parietal pericardium (anchors the heart to diaphragm and sternum)
Between the layers is serous fluid Which allows the heart to beat without friction
Heart Wall 3 layers
Epicardium:thin layer of C.T
Myocardium:Cardiac muscle, the layer that contracts
Endocardium: Simple squamous epithelium, continuous with blood vessels
Blood flow through the heart and body
Superior Vena Cavae and Inferior Vena Cavae
The right atrium receives oxygen- poor blood from the body and pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen- poor blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral valve to left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps the oxygen rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body
Major arteries and veins of the body
Veins
Jugular veins
iliac vein
Basilic vein
Gastric vein
Common iliac artery
Renal veins
Pulmonary Veins
femoral vein
cephalic vein
brachial artery
4 major arteries
Right coronary artery
Left main coronary
Coronary arteries
The blood vessels that supply blood to your heart
The left circumflex artery
Arteries carry blood away from the heart into two distinct pathways
The pulmonary circuit
In the pulmonary circuit, oxygen- depleted blood is carried away from the heart and into the lungs where it can acquire fresh oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide
The Systemic circuit
In this pathway, oxygen-rich blood is carried away from the heart and toward tissue of the body
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Myocardial Infarction (Heart attack)
Causes or risk factors
Blood clot, smoking
Symptoms
Chest pain, sweating and Dizziness
Description
Blood flow to part of the heart blocked
Treatment Options
Nitroglycerin, Coronary bypass, life style changes
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Treatment Options
Medication, Bypass surgery and life style changes
Symptoms
Leg and armpit pain, Weak impulse and hair loss
Causes or risk factors
Limbtrauma, smoking, obesity
Description
Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)
Causes or risk factors
Diabetes, Age/ race, clogged arteries
Symptoms
Severe headache, memory loss, muscle weakness
Description
Blood flow to a portion of the brain interrupted
Treatment Options
life style, thrombolytics, blood thinners
Endocarditis and Myocarditis
Causes or risk factors
Recent surgery, heart damage, virus, bacteria or fungal infection
Symptoms
chest pain, fever, Edema
Description
Inflammation of the heart
Treatment Options
Antibiotics, Reduced activity, Divertics
Congenital Heart Disease
Causes or risk factors
Aortic Stenusis
Symptoms
May cause death
Description
Issue with heart structure
Treatment Options
Surgical intervention, some abnormalities
Cardiac style and the ECG
Isovolumic relaxation, Ventricular filling, Atrial contraction, isovolumentric contraction, ventricular contraction, ventricular ejection