Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular System (Addie Stendal Period 4) (blood flow through heart +…
Cardiovascular System (Addie Stendal Period 4)
major functions of the cardiovascular system
transportation of nutrients, oxygen, and hromones throughout body
removal of metabolic wastes
balance of fluids within the body
anatomy of the heart
right atrium: receives blood from superior + inferior vena cava
tricuspid valve: between right atrium and right ventricle
right ventricle: pumps blood out of heart through pulmonary semilunar valves into pulmonary artery
pulmonary artery: takes blood to lungs
left atrium: receives blood from pulmonary veins
left ventricle: pumps blood out of heart to the aorta through aortic semilunar valves
aorta: pumps blood to rest of body
layers of the heart
epicardium: visceral layer
myocardium: cardiac muscle; bulk of heart's mass
cardiac skeleton: reinforces myocadrium + anchors c.m.
endocardium: endothelium; lines heart chambers + valves
blood flow through heart + body
superior + inferior vena cava: deoxygenated blood delivered to right atrium
right atrium: sends deoxygenated blood to right ventricle
right ventricle: pumps deoxygenated blood out through pulmonary artery
pulmonary artery: delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs
pulmonary veins: return newly oxygenated blood to the left atrium
left atrium: pumps oxygenated blood into left ventricle
left ventricle: pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta
aorta: delivers oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
major arteries and veins of the body
pulmonary artery: delivers deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary veins: deliver newly oxygenated blood to the left ventricle
aorta: delivers oxygenated blood throughout the body
brachiocephalic artery: delivers blood to upper limbs
common carotid artery: delivers blood to lower half of body
subclavian artery: delivers blood to lower half of body
superior vena cava: delivers deoxygenated blood from upper part of body to the heart
inferior vena cava: delivers deoxygenated blood from lower part of body to the heart
structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
artery
function: carries blood AWAY from heart
structure: thicker smooth muscle, do not have valves, smaller lumen
vein
function: carries blood TOWARDS heart
structure: less smooth muscles; contains valves to prevent backflow of blood; wider lumen
intrinsic factors
adjust blood flow to organs; independent of nerves/ hormones; uses paracrines or properties of muscle tissues
metabolic control: flow regulated by: low O2, high H+/K+/adenosine/prostaglandin
nitric oxide: vasodilator
endothelin: vasoconstrictor
myogenic control: stretch vessels (vasodilate/vasoconstrict)
heart disorders
myocardial infarction: blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
PAD: arteries narrow + reduce blood flow to extremities
cerebrovascular accident: blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
endocarditis + myocarditis: inflammation of the heart
congenital heart disease: issue with the structure and/or function of the heart that is present from birth; blanket term
cardiac cycle
P wave: atria fill with blood
P-B segment: atria contract, filling ventricles
QRS waves: ventricles contract, building pressure until pulmonary + aortic valves open
S-T segment: valves open & blood is pumped through aorta + pulmonary arteries
T wave: ventricles relax and valves close due to pressure in aorta + pulmonary arteries